Peter Drucker - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Biography

It was born with Vienna in 1909. His/her father is a high-civil servant of the ministry for the economy Austro-Hungarian and his/her mother is doctor. The family home is the meeting place of intellectuals, of senior officials, politicians, scientists or economists, Joseph Schumpeter, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek, which Peter Drucker will describe as sound " école". In 1927, at the end of its secondary studies, it leaves for Hamburg for one year of training in an establishment trade, then follows studies of right to Frankfurt where it obtains a Doctorat in public Droit and in International law. It is impassioned for the literature and the philosophy, of which Kierkegaard. In parallel, it undertakes an activity of financial journalist for the General-Anzeiger Frankfurter of which it will become in a few years one of the writers in load of the foreign affairs and the economy. It is hardly only 20 years old when it takes down a discussion with Hitler before its come to power. Following this maintenance, it will publish several texts explaining why one must be opposed to the Totalitarisme. It becomes close to the German preserving mediums opposed to the Nazisme and to the lawyer Carl Schmitt.

He emigrates in England as of April 1933 shortly after the arrival of Hitler to the capacity. He is journalist there, then economist for a bank in London where he attends the famous seminars of Keynes to Cambridge. It Marie with Schmidt Dory, one emigrated Austrian, known at the university of Frankfurt and with which he settles with the the United States right before the beginning of the Second world war.

He becomes professor of Political science and Philosophie in Bennington College. In 1943, it is naturalized American citizen. He writes two works which are brilliant criticisms social and political and make known it. He is noticed by the chairman of General Motors, Alfred P. Sloan which makes it come to its sides like advising for the policy and the organization of its automobile group. He will spend almost two years there, attending the boards of directors, visiting the factories, peeling the processes and interviewing the senior officers like the workmen. From this experiment, it will publish in 1945, Concept off the Corporation , a book which makes date, the first work which peels the managerial organization of a company. It has just created the trade of consultant of company which he will continue in other american companies - great American groups or start-up - during more than 60 years. He also works for advising associations, charitable organizations or administrations. He will be thus called by the president Eisenhower after the Guerre of Korea to study the Korean education system. He will also advise American medical associations. He teaches management with the New York University of 1950 with 1971. From 1971 with its death, it occupies the pulpit of management and social science of the Université of Claremont in California within Graduate Management School which it created with Masatoshi Ito and which will bear their name as from 1987. He writes for various newspapers and economic reviews American. Up to 90 years spent, it continues to carry on its activity of consultant for companies but privileges organizations with not-lucrative goal in particular within its foundation, the Peter F Drucker Fondation for a not-lucrative management, which it chaired of 1990 to 2002. It receives in July 2002, the presidential medal of freedom of the US president George W. Bush for the whole of its work. Peter Drucker dies the November 11th 2005 in his residence of Claremont with nearly 96 years.

He is one of the rare theorists of management to have had at the same time the listening of the mediums of businesses and a world success public with more than 6 million sold books, which was worth the nickname of " to him; Pope of the management".

Works

Since end of the year 30 until his death, Peter Drucker wrote 35 pounds:

15 on the management including 2 famous The Practice off Management and The Effective Executive which will make the object of several updates and republications
16 on the company, economics and politics
2 novels
1 autobiographical test
1 book on Japanese painting

Peter Drucker also regularly collaborated in several newspapers and economic reviews

of 1975 with 1995, he was chronicler with the '' Wall Street Journal ''
he writes several articles for the Atlantic Monthly and The Economist .
he was an important contributor with the American review Harvard Business Review .

Its first work is a study on Friedrich Julius Stahl, parliamentary German Jew and philosopher of the right, study which will be censured and burned by the Nazis with their come to power. In its first American years, it publishes two works, social and political analyzes, The End off Economic Man in 1939, a critic of the economic system having led to the Nazisme and The Future off Industrial Man in 1942.

After its experiment of consultant at General Motors, it off publishes its first work on management Concept corporation in 1949, It described there how the mode of direction of this company like that of IBM and General Electric are at the origin of their success. It will continue during 60 years the study of the management of the company, clearing many aspects of this news " science" company which it contributed to create. It will be one of the first to treat the topics of the innovation, of the management of the knowledge or the respect of the " stakeholders " (employees, shareholders and customers).

Key ideas

One finds several key ideas in his various work:

a deep skepticism on the Macroeconomics.
Drucker estimated that the economists of the various schools had failed to explain the principal aspects of the modern economy.
importance of the role of the managers in the success of the company with five principal points: to lay down objectives, to organize work, to justify and communicate, measure the performance, to train the employees.
a recognition of the durable contribution of the father of scientific management, Frederick Winslow Taylor.
Même if Drucker did not have that a small experiment in the analysis of the work of the workmen (passed to him its career to analyze managerial work), it credited Taylor with the governing idea and always valid according to him that any work can be broken up, analyzed and improved.
a desire to return all simplest possible.
Selon Drucker, the companies must concentrate on what it can do and not too much not to diversify their activities. They tend to manufacture too many products, to engage too many personnel which they do not need (the best solution is to sub-contract) and going on economic sectors on which they should not go. What it summarizes by: " It should be stuck so that one can make "
To fight against what it called " the disease of government ".
Drucker estimated, in a nonideological way, that the governments, like any organization bureaucratic and monopolistic, were unable to provide the new services whose people needed or which they wished.
need for " the abandonment planned ".
Les companies as the governments has a tendency to cling to the " success of yesterday " rather than to realize that they are not useful any more today.
the need for communauté.
Très early in its career, Drucker predicts the end of " the economic man " and the creation of a " recommended; community of production " where the social needs for the individuals could be satisfied. He admitted later that this community of production never materialized, and in the years 1980, suggested that voluntariate in the noncommercial sector could be one of the keys of this community.

He was recognized for the clearness of his thought, his broadness of outlook and his capacity to be restored in simple language of the complex problems of company. If he were often admired for the continuity of an unceasingly renewed reflection, he nevertheless was been sulky by the medium of the university research. Its manner of thinking multidisciplinary, its refusal of all Jargon or academic references made it suspect for many researchers. But it obtained in 2003 off an Executive distinction of Academy Management. It is one of the rare theorists of management to have had at the same time the listening of the mediums of businesses and public success, which been worth the nickname of " to him; pope of the management" who did not correspond with the modesty of his lifestyle.

In one of its last works Beyond Capitalism , Drucker although remaining a savage defender of the free-market, calls into question certain aspects of the Capitalisme. For him, the research of the financial profit was not to take precedence over the Création of value. It will be thus very critical on the leaders and the investors of Start-up during the " Bubble Internet ". One of its most discussed work concerned remuneration: he declared that general management should not be remunerated more than 20 times the lowest remuneration of the company which he directs. That created to him some enemies in a rather admiring medium of the leaders of his work.

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