Peshwâ

The Peshwâ are the Prime Ministers for the Empire marathe. When it sets up its empire, Shivâjî Bhonsla creates an advisory counsel of ministers, the Ashtapradhan to help it in its government. This council of 8 ministers counts the following stations:

the Peshwâ , Prime Minister, the only one who profits from true capacities,
the Amâtya or Minister for Finance,
the Mantri , director of the files and historiographer of the râja ,
the Sachiva , Grand secretary,
the Sâmanta or Foreign Minister,
the Senâpati , commander-in-chief of the armies,
the Dandâdhyaksha , in load of the Religious affairs,
the Nyâyâdisha or Minister for justice.

The load of Peshwâ becomes hereditary as of 1720, the Prime Ministers cumulate all the capacities starting from 1727, then as from 1750, they relegate the Râja to an honorary role, becoming the true leaders of the empire.

Their capital is located first of all at Sâtârâ, then they transfer it to Pune.

There were ten Peshwâ :

Bâlâjî Vishvanâth (1713 -1720), Prime Minister of Shivâjî, his son succeeds to him.
Bâjî Râo Ier (1720 -1740), it demolishes the armies of the Nizam and of the Moghol S, the capacity marathe in India installs by taking control of the Mâlvâ, the Goujerat and while joining the clans râjput Sindhia, Holkar and Gâekwâr.
Bâlâjî Râo (1740 -1761), deposits the last representatives of the Bhonsla dynasty, transfers the capital to Pune, and constitutes the confederation marathe. It will be however demolishes by Abdâlî with the battles of Pânipat in 1761.
Mâdhava Râo Ier (1761 -1772), invades the north of India, then demolishes Haidar Alî.
Nârâyana Râo (1772 - 1773)
Râghunâtha Râo (1774 -1775) which assassinates its predecessor but is obliged to restore the throne with the posthumous son of this one.
Mâdhava Râo II (1774-1795), minor, Nânâ Fadnavîs ensures regency, preserving intact the power marathe in spite of the intrigues of Râghunâtha which involve the First war anglo-marathe (1775-1782).
Chimnâjî Âppa (1795), regency of Nânâ Fadnavis
Bâjî Râo II (1795 - 1818), regency of Nânâ Fadnavis until its death. It then signs in 1802 the Traité of Bassein with the British to contain the growing capacity of its vassal Sindhia and Holkar. The chiefs of the confederation raise themselves nevertheless what involves the Second war anglo-marathe (1803 - 1805). Peshwâ is turned over then against its allies what involves the Third war anglo-marathe (1817 -1818) and the fall of the capacity marathe.
Nânâ Sâhib (about 1820 - 1859), wire adoptive of the precedent is not recognized by the British, and in accordance with the doctrines of Lapse, defined by Dalhousie, its annexed territory, which is one of the causes of the Révolte of Cipayes.

See too

Structure of the capacity

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