Periphery

The word periphery comes from the Greek peripheria who means Circonférence. More generally the periphery indicates a limit distant from an object or a thing.

For example:

  • periphery of a City: district external of the city;
  • periphery of a Circle: circumference of the circle;
  • periphery of the Solar system: zone where the Attraction of the Sun is weakest, i.e. the zone in extreme cases of the solar system;
  • the peripheral vision refers to the capacity to see in edge of the field of view (see Œil).

Economy

In economy the periphery indicates the whole of the Pays in the process of development, in opposition to the center, the industrialized Pays advanced.

The couple Center/Périphérie is thus an explanatory model of the relations between two spaces. It is an approach hierarchical between a place which (car) is proclaimed (?) Center and its environment which is stigmatized like a Periphery. The geographical approach légitimise existing dissymmetry or then devotes it. This explanatory diagram appears in the economists in 1902 with Werner Sombart ( modern capitalism ). It will be taken again by the economists of the development in the Sixties which make use of it to describe the relations of the colonial and post-colonial empires. One attaches these economists to the Marxist current. Among them, let us quote Raúl Prebisch (1901-1986), H. WOLFGANG, Arghiri Emmanuel (1911-2001), the unequal exchange (1968); or Samir Amin (1973), the unequal development .

Geography

The geographers will start to use this prism as from the Eighties, where A. REYNAUD the bracket with the geography in Société, Espace and Justice .

The model Centers/Périphérie becomes impossible to circumvent then. The Center is the place where " all passe" contrary to a Periphery perceived like motionless and late. However, let us not forget that if there exists a Center, it is because it positions vis-a-vis a Periphery, one elsewhere, beyond. In its typology, A. REYNAUD distinguishes from the dead angles (like the Sahel, the Andes, the Himalayas), “forsaken by the centers”, or of the isolates “cash on their own force” (North Korea).

bonds:

  • Hypergeo: explanation of the model
  • Geoconfluence: definition of concepts

History

Already in its thesis, Fernand Braudel approached this model with its Economie world , in “wanting to indicate by this formula which the sea of the 16th century was a world in oneself, only one economic universe largely overflowing and in all the directions the interminable line of its shores, towards the interior of Europe, Asia and Africa”. Its typological approach specified three areas: 1. Central zone, 2. Intermediate areas, and, finally, 3. Margins/Peripheries

See too

  • Peripheral, page of homonymy,

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