Period KB-Chosŏn

In Korea, the period KB-Chosŏn ( old Chosŏn ) indicates the historical time extending from the legendary birth of Korean civilization in 2333 av. J. - C., until the establishment of the Dynastie Han in China, in the year 206 av. J. - C. According to the Chinese sources, it exists a kingdom KB-Chosŏn at least as from fourth century BC: what coincides with the entry of Korea in the age of iron. The foundation of the Han empire had caused the installation in Korea of Chinese opponents, installation which upset the history of the country.

The legend

Hwanung (환웅), wire of the Creator, agrees to transform a Ours E and a tiger-cat if they succeed in spending hundred days in the darkness, being nourished only a little of Poireau (or of Armoise, according to the versions) and of twenty heads of garlic. The tiger-cat supports this mode only 37 days and flees of the cave; the ourse succeeds, is transformed into woman, who takes for name Ungnyu (woman ourse) and marries Hwanung. Of this union is born Tangun (단군), which settles in Korea with a succession of several thousands of servants, and founds the kingdom of Choson (조선 in alphabet Hangul, 朝鮮 in Sinogramme S), Choson known as old, or KB-Choson, in opposition to the Period Chosŏn). This mythical event, located in 2333 av. J. - C., is retained like goes back to foundation of Korean civilization, and celebrated each year the October 3rd, still celebrated today. Tangun brings with him the teaching of several hundreds of trades (Médecine, craft industries various, Agriculture). Its reign lasts twelve centuries, until the arrival of Kisa or Kitseu, towards 1112 av. J. - C. This one is Minister for the Chinese dynasty Shang, and brings rice growing and the worms to silk. It founds a kingdom which lasts until in 193 av. J. - C.

Thousand-year-old Ier front J. - C.

Before II, Korea is populated populations mongoloïdes which mingled with Homo sapiens already present. The new arrivals bring the Agriculture and the Poterie.

Yemaeks arrive of the North-East of China at: they introduce the Bronze and improve the Agriculture. Social classes appear at that time, from the Ville S are born, the Mégalithe S are drawn up.

With the arrival of iron and the domestication of the horse, the company evolves/moves: it becomes more warlike, from the social classes are born. The North of the peninsula is occupied by nomads, whereas the populations of the south are sédentarisés. In IVe century, the kingdom KB-Chosŏn is born truly, between the rivers Liao and Taedong.

The irruption of China in the Korean history

Although China had old contacts with Korea, the Chinese history overflows on the small peninsula at the end from II Already, with the VII {{E}} and VI {{E}} front centuries J. - C., of the Chinese and Manchu migrations provided a contribution of population to the peninsula. The foundation of the State KB-Chosŏn is badly dated: it covered in second half of the II north of the peninsula and part of the Mandchourie.

The arrival of Wiman mark a new stage of the Korean history: one speaks besides about Chosŏn-Wiman. It comes from the kingdom of Yan, overcome by the empire Han. The trade with the China develops, the tribes link and create a kingdom in the valley of the Taedong. But, the hostility of Wiman in China and alliance with the Naked Xiong, wild enemies of China, cause an attack of the emperor Wudi. This one overcomes the Korean kingdom in three shifts, the last in 108 av. J. - C.

In 108 av. J. - C., the emperor Han subjects this agitated kingdom, and establishes four commanderies there:

Nangnang (Lolang), in the basin of the Taedong and controls the old kingdom of Wiman;
Hyeondo (Xuantu, province of Yalu-Tongjia);
Imdu (Lintu, in the south of the province of Hamkyeong);
Chinbeon (of Zhenfan to the river Han in the center of Korea).

It is the one period beginning of fights between the kingdoms of Korea and the empire of China. The two last commanderies lasted only 25 years; Hyeondo lasted approximately a third of century. But by dividing the Korean tribes close to Nangnang and into being pressed on other tribes more moved away, China been able to maintain that of Nangnang four centuries, and this in spite of the immediate and permanent opposition of Koguryo. The city counted to 400.000 inhabitants.

Some of the inhabitants of the areas controlled by China left and took refuge from there in the close kingdoms (Koguryo and Puyo, Chin (which existed already at the time of Wiman and which became Mahan, around Cholla, Kyonggi and Chungcheong) or created new States: Ye, Okcheo, Chinhan and Pyeonhan (around Kyongsang).

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