Period (ancient Greece)

See also: Period

The period (in Greek old περίοδος/ períodos ) indicates, in the ancient Greece, literally the “full rotation” of the four larger sanctuaries, i.e. the crowned calendar created by the succession of the four panhellenic festivals which are held to with it on a four years cycle that one calls Olympiade commonly. It acts, with the traditional time of:

  1. Olympia , in the honor of Zeus in Olympie, celebrates penteteric which marks the first year of the period;

  2. Isthmia , held in the honor of Poséidon with the Isthmus of Corinth, celebrated trieteric festival the second and the fourth year of the period;
  3. Nemea , also trieteric festival in the honor of Zeus, celebrated the same year as Isthmia with Némée;
  4. Pythia , which takes seat with Delphes in the honor of Apollon, according to a cycle penteteric, the third year of the period.

The contests which accompany these festivals are most prestigious of the Greek world, and more the great honor is to be victorious with the four contests of the same Olympiad: as from the 2nd century, the title of periodonic comes to greet this exploit and to reinforce the bond between these various contests.

At the time hellenistic, many cities create their own contest and endeavor to compete with those of the period that they copy: they try to make recognize their festival like panhellenic and isolympic (equal in prestige with the Olympia ) or isopythic (equal to the Pythia ), but reach well little that point. This phenomenon is accelerated by the kings hellenistic.

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