Pennsylvania

The Pennsylvania is a State the United States, bordered in the North-West by the Lac Érié, in north by the State of New York, in the east by the New Jersey, in the south by the Delaware, the Maryland and the Virginia-Western and in the west by the Ohio.

History

See also Theories of the first settlement of America .

Before its colonization, the area was inhabited by Delaware (also known under the name of Lenape), the Susquehannock, Iroquois, Eriez, Shawnee, and other tribes Amerindian born.

The strong Swedish influence resulting from the colonization of the News-Sweden on the banks of the river between 1638 and 1655 is always present at the time of the beginnings of Pennsylvania which included/understood, at the time, also the counties of the future state of the Delaware.

The colonial history of the territories of Pennsylvania is closely related to that of the banks of Delaware, consequently it recuts that of the state of the Delaware. The interior region will be colonized only with the XVIII {{E}} century.

With the foundation of the Company virginienne of London and the establishment of the first colonists with Jamestown in 1605, the territory of Delaware and Pennsylvania is regarded as forming integral part of the English colony and this in spite of the real ignorance of the geography and the American hydrography of the east coast.

If, as of the voyage of Henry Hudson on behalf of the Compagnie Dutchwoman of the Eastern Indies, in 1609, the United Provinces claim the catchment area of the river Delaware, it is only in 1625 that the Compagnie Dutchwoman of the Western Indies, lately formed, will see with the establishment of some colonists on banks of the river. In 1625, Pierre Midnight, Governor of the colony, repatriates the three communities dispersed on the territory of the New-Country-Low (Delaware, Fort Orange and Connecticut) to solidify the colonial company on the island of Manhattan, thus melting the New Amsterdam with very the grounds lately bought to the Amerindians. A company Dutchwoman seigneuriale ( patroonship in English) tries the one second colonization of southern bank of Delaware in 1631. The company of Swaanendael is of short duration and the territory semi-officially passes to the hands Swedish between 1638 and 1655. The News-Sweden, rested by the former governor of the colony Dutchwoman more in north, Pierre Midnight, exists only during 17 years but durably makes a success of nevertheless with enraciner a community of at least 500 Scandinavian colonists. Mow of the presence of a foreign colony to very the territory of the New-Countries-Low, Pieter Stuyvesant directs a forwarding against the Fort Christina in 1655 and puts an end to the Swedish adventure in the New world. However, until the massive immigration of British, Quakers and of Irishman-Scottish ( Scotch tape-Irish ), the delta of Delaware remained resolutely Lutheran and impresses of a strong Swedish influence. After the conquest of New Amsterdam in 1664, the city is famous New York and the adjacent territories pass under English sovereignty and belong to the Province of New York until in 1682.

It is one of the 13 States founders of the the United States. The king Charles II of England had contracted an important loan near the father of William PEN. As refunding it granted William PEN a great area in the south-west of the New Jersey the March 4th 1682, containing Pennsylvania as much that current Delaware. PEN called the area Sylvania (forest as a Roman), that Charles changed into Pennsylvania. The colony accommodates sects German and the Baptiste S Irish and Welsh. The climate of religious tolerance encourages the economy. After the Guerre Thirty Year old (1618-1648) in the Germanic empire, 125.000 Luthérien S German settle in Pennsylvania. Towards 1750, the population of Philadelphia exceeds that of Boston.

Geography

Pennsylvania extends on 274 km from north in the south and on 455 km of is in the west. It is the State thirty-third on the level of its surface. In 2000, it counted: 12281054 inhabitants, is a density of 106 hab. /km ². Pennsylvania is one of the four States (out of 50) to carry the title of the Commonwealth. Pennsylvania is called “the State key-of-vault” ( The Keystone State ), because of its geographical location between the States of North and the States of the South, and between the Atlantic coast and Midwest.

Pennsylvania has 82 km of coasts along the Lac Erie and 92 km of coasts along the estuary of Delaware. Its principal rivers and rivers are the Delaware, the Susquehanna, Monogahela, Allegheny and the Ohio. The culminating point is at the Davis Mount, to 979 m of altitude. Pennsylvania is crossed in diagonal by the chain of the the Appalachian Mountains, of south-west in the North-East. In the North-West of these mountains, the plate of Allegheny continues towards the south of the State of New York. It shelters important fossil resources (Natural gas, Pétrole). This relief justifies the fact that one regards sometimes one the Western third of the State as a geophysical unit with whole share: it belongs to the basin of the Mississippi and its economy is characterized by irons and steel industry in the neighborhoods of Pittsburgh.

Subdivisions

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is divided into 67 counties ( counties ).
See the list of the Counties of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Main cities

Policy

During its history Pennsylvania had five constitutions: 1776, 1790, 1838, 1874 and 1968. Previously the province was controlled during one century by the Frame off Government off Pennsylvania which had four versions: 1682, 1683, 1696 and 1701.

Pennsylvania is a State center, rurally very preserving and urbainement very liberal. Some coarsely define Pennsylvania as the Alabama of north with the liberal small islands of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.

The State is locally rather dominated by the republican in spite of a democratic governor currently but no republican candidate with the presidential election gained the State since 1988.

A State pivot (State Swing)

At the time of the presidential election of 2004, it is of accuracy that John Kerry gained the State with 50,92% of the votes compared with 48,42% with George W. Bush but the latter gained 54 of the 67 counties of the State, underlining the opposition between the more rural zones and the strongly urbanized counties

A preserving State

The governor of the State is the center Démocrate ED Rendell, old Maire of Philadelphia. The lieutenant-governor and the Attorney General are republican whereas the listener and the treasurer of the State are democratic.

The assembly of Pennsylvania includes/understands a Senate of 50 members and a Room of the representatives of 203 elected officials. At the time of the legislature 2007-2008, the senate is controlled by 29 republican whereas the room of the representatives is controlled of only one seat by 102 democrats vis-a-vis 101 republicans.

At the federal level, at the time of the legislature 2007-2008, the two senators of the State are Bob Casey Jr (DINO) and Arlen Specter (RINO) whereas 11 Democrats and 8 Republicans represent the State with the Chambre of the Representatives of the United States.

Economy

August 1st

Culture

Religious statistics (2001):

  • Christian - 81%

    • Protestant - 52%
      • Baptists - 10%
      • Méthodistes - 10%
      • Lutherans - 9%
      • Presbytériens - 5%
      • Congrégationnalistes - 2%
      • Pentecôtistes - 2%
      • other Protestants - 14%
    • Catholic - 29%
  • other religions - 6%
  • without religion - 12%

The State founded by the Quakers, characterized right from the start by a great spiritual tolerance, accommodated very diverse religious groups. One in particular counts still today the communities of Amishs (connects Mennonites) among most important of the country.

Sport

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