Peace of Amiens
The Peace of Amiens , concluded the March 25th 1802, is a treaty between the the United Kingdom, on the one hand, and the France, the Spain and the Batavian République, on the other hand.
History
After the victories of Bonaparte to Marengo, of Moreau to Hohenlinden, and those of Brown and Murat in Italy (flat of the Po and Tuscan), the Autrichiens separate from the second coalition and sign with France the Traité of Lunéville the February 9th 1801. Naples signs then peace with Florence, and the Russia of Paul Ier takes his distances until its successor Alexandre Ier concluded a convention from secret peace with Bonaparte the October 10th 1801.In the United Kingdom, William Pitt is reversed the March 13rd 1801. The isolated British consider peace. Bonaparte awaits the results of the forwarding of Egypt. But this one turns badly after the assassination of Kléber and the army taken again by Menou is lost in sands.
The preliminaries of London open finally and are signed on October 1st 1801 (9 Vendémiaire An X). The congress of Amiens begins the December 5th. It gathers French Republic, kingdom of Spain and Batavian République (ex- United Provinces) on a side, the United Kingdom of the other. The French representation is directed as to Lunéville by Joseph Bonaparte, the Spaniards by the knight of Azarra and the Batavians by the lawyer Schimmelpenninck. The British representation is taken along by Lord Cornwallis, and also begins in the name of the Ottoman Empire, its ally.
The Peace of Amiens is concluded the March 25th 1802 (4 Germinal An X), then signed the 27 with the Town hall. It stipulates that all the possessions of the ones and other parts taken by act of war will be restored, except the Trinidad and Ceylon, left to the British. The Cape of Good Hope turns over to the Dutchmen, the borders are fixed between French Guiana and Portuguese Guyana, the republic recognized with the Sept-Isles, the rights of fishings of Newfoundland and on the delimited wood of Saint-Pierre-and-Miquelon, the rights of the family of Nassau to the compensated Netherlands, and finally the statute of Malta and its knights very precisely established in his independence with regard to the United Kingdom and of France. Naples and Rome will have to be evacuated by France, Portoferraio by the United Kingdom.
The first Consul benefits from this period of lull to deal with the colonies which after the revolution and the Abolition of slavery issued by the Convention the February 4th 1794, felt the wind of freedom, and profit less in France. As of the beginning of the negotiations with England, Bonaparte load Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc, his beautiful brother, to lead the Forwarding of Santo Domingo and to restore in the island, the order and the authority of France.
Forwarding comes quickly to end from the revolt from the former slaves, but is victim of the climate of the island. Decimated by the Yellow fever the soldiers of the Armée with the Rhine are driven back with the sea. During this time the British see of an evil eye the return of France in the colonies. Ships Corsaire S badger the French ships and compromise the supply.
Peace is broken after the return to the capacity of William Pitt the Young person, who organizes the Third coalition and declares the war in France.
Related articles
External bonds
- historical Context
- Text of the peace treaty
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