Pavel Axelrod

Pavel Borisovitch Axelrod ((August 25th, 1850 – April 16th, 1928), was a revolutionist Russian Marxiste, .

Personal life

Born Pinchas Borutsch () with Shkloŭ, Ukraine and raised with Moguilev, Bielorussia, Axelrod was the son of a modest landlord Juif.

In 1875, with Geneva, he marries Nadejda Ivanovna Kaminer, of which he had been previously the tutor. In spite of a difficult financial position the first years, the marriage proves to be solid. They had three children: Faith (1876), Alexander (1879) and Sofia (1881). His Axelrod-Kaminer wife will die in 1905.

In the middle of the years 1880, Axelrod founds its own small company of Kéfir. At the end of the years 1890, the company has offices with Zurich, Geneva and Basle and ensures of the regular incomes Axelrod and its family, and allows, thanks to the generosity of Axelrod, a support for other revolutionists.

In 1908 the company Axelrod-kefir is sold in life annuity.

Pavel Axelrod dies in exiles with Berlin, in 1928.

Marxist revolutionist

Influenced by Bakounine in its youth, Axelrod would have remained Idéaliste even after having embraced the historical Matérialisme. It is one of the cofounders of the Groupe emancipation of the Marxist work of inspiration, in Suisse with his/her friend Plekhanov and Véra Zassoulitch in 1883.

In 1900, Axelrod, Plekhanov and Zassoulich unite their forces with young Marxist revolutionists Martov, Lénine and Potresov, to produce the newspaper Iskra .

In 1903, when the partisans gathered around Iskra, scissionnent at the time of the second congress of the Parti Working Social democrat Russia, Axelrod will join the fraction Menchevik opposed to the Bolchevik S of Lénine.

In 1917, after the Révolution of February Axelrod turns over to Russia. On this date some mencheviks had already joined the Russian Provisional government of Alexandre Kerensky and supported its policy of war. In spite of its Axelrod efforts the mencheviks of a political inflection in favor of peace negotiations with the central Empires will fail to convince.

After the Révolution of October, that Axelrod qualified “historical crime without precedent in the modern history”, he undertook a world tour aiming at rejoining a socialist opposition to the Bolsheviks.

Notes and Refer

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