Paul VI

Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Concesio, close to Brescia, September 26th 1897 - Castel Gandolfo, August 6th 1978), Pope under the name of Paul VI (in Latin Paulus VI , in Italian Paolo VI ) of the June 21st 1963 with its death.

Youth

It was born in a patrician family from the area from Brescia. His/her father was Journaliste, and representing in his province of the catholic Movement ( Movimento cattolico ). The purpose of association was to defend the catholic convictions by the means of the social action, according to the mode encouraged by the Encyclique Rerum novarum . It should be recalled that Italy was then under the blow of an interdict: Black and white IX, following the loss of the Papal States, had defended in the decree Non expedit (February 29th 1868) with the Italian catholics to be entitled to vote or elected officials. It has two brothers, one doctor, the other senator.

Of fragile health, Montini began its studies with the college Jesuit Cesare Arici, in the countryside. He also attended the congregation Sante Maria beyond pace, inspired by Philippe Néri. Its studies were poor, and in 1911 its family withdrew it college to make it pass its examinations as a free candidate. It was very influenced by monastic spirituality, in particular Bénédictin E, at the time of retirements which it carried out with the abbey of Chiari. In 1916, it passed its maturità classica . It joined Manzoni association, of the name of the famous Italian author Alessandro Manzoni, which gathered catholic pupils and students. It launched a review entitled Fionda (“the sling”), which encouraged the catholics to live their faith in front of all.

The May 29th 1920, it was ordered priest, without being last by the seminar. An exemption had had moreover to be to him granted because of its age: the canonical Code of right laid out whereas the candidate was to be 24 years old completed. It left then for Rome, where it continued its studies at the same time with Gregorian (pontifical university) and Sapienza (university of State). In 1921, by recommendation, it entered to the Académie of the noble ecclesiastics.

Career in the Curia

In November 1952, Pie XII appointed it pro-secretary of State in company of Mgr Tardini. In January 1953, Montini refused a promotion cardinalice. According to some, Pie XII him " suggéra" to give up this promotion. Because he did not want him like successor? . He nevertheless was devoted Archevêque of Milan the December 12th 1954. Jean XXIII named it cardinal at the time of the consistory of the December 15th 1958. The new cardinal almost immediately harnessed with the preparation of the Vatican II.

Pontificate

To listen to

L' Habemus papam of Paul VI, marked the 21 juin 1963 by the cardinal protodiacre Alfredo Ottaviani.

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He was elected pope the June 21st 1963 at the 65 years age, with the sixth ballot, preceding the cardinals Giuseppe Siri and Suenens. He was had a presentiment of favorite by all so much so that the newspaper the Cross hardly published its special edition on its nomination a few minutes after the official announcement. He was elected by the 80 cardinals present at the time of the Conclave and took the name of Paulus VI , in homage to Paul V, which had implemented the decisions of the Concile of Thirty, and of Charles Borromée. Paul VI was the first cardinal created by his predecessor Jean XXIII.

To listen to the newspaper broadcast of France Inter of June 21st, 1963 on the nomination of Paul VI (INA files)

Continuation of the council

The June 22nd, it declared with the cardinals gathered in the Chapelle Sixtine:

“the greatest part of our pontificate will be occupied by the continuation of the second ecumenical council of the Vatican, towards which the eyes of all the men of good will are turned. ”

He was crowned the June 30th. He immediately got busy to reassure the opinion by maintaining the simplicity of the “good Jean pope”. Nevertheless, he also declared his will to reform the Roman Curie. He specified his intentions for the II {{E}} council of the Vatican in a speech of the September 6th:

“Today, this glorious word] ] constitutes a whole program. The ecumenical council, each one know it, endorsed it polarizing, in him the objectives of reform and revival. One should not see in this adjective which accompanies the highest demonstrations and most characteristic of the life connected with the church an unconscious bending, but harmful, towards the pragmatism and the activism of our time, with the detriment of the interior life and the contemplation, which must have the first place in the scale of our religious values. ”

In August and September, Paul VI reorganized the council and made revise his payment. He instituted regulators to hasten the completion of the council. In fact, those produced an almost opposite effect. At the time of the fourth session, Paul VI granted a seat raised the table of the Council of presidency, manner of recalling to the council which it could not be a rival assembly of the pope.

On the liturgical Réforme it declared: Seemingly this disagreement relates to a subtlety. But this mass known as of Saint Pie V., as one sees it in Ecône, becomes the symbol of the judgment of the Council. However, I will not accept in any circumstance that one condemns the Council by a symbol. If this exception were accepted, the whole Council will be shaken. And consequently apostolic authority of the Council.

(Cf Jean Guitton, Paul VI secrecy, Paris 1979, p. 159.)

(to be supplemented)

Voyages of the pope

Paul VI was the first pope of the contemporary time to travel out of Italy. Its first voyage was for Jerusalem, in January 1964. It met there, the 5, Athénagoras I {{er}}, the oecumenical patriarch of Constantinople. They made a Joint Declaration and exchanged gifts - Athénagoras gave to Paul VI an icon accounting for two Apôtre S, Pierre the “Coryphée” and André, the first to follow Jesus-Christ. Paul VI accomplished other oecumenical voyages , in particular in 1969 with the World Council of Churches.

In 1964, it went to Bombay. In 1967 he became the first pope to visit the Turkey. In 1968, it traversed the Latin America, celebrating masses with Bogotá and Medellín. The following year, he preached in Uganda.

Humanae Vitae

The July 25th 1968, Paul VI promulgated the Encyclique Humanæ vitæ , “on the marriage and the birth control”. The reactions were very sharp: the encyclical seemed an act of pontifical authority, going against “the spirit of the council”. In fact, the encyclical had been prepared since 1965, date on which Paul VI had suspended certain passages of the constitution Gaudium and spes . Moreover, the pope wished to confirm the teaching of Casti connubii of Pie XI, promulgated the December 31st 1930.

Meetings with the other religions

The dialog with the nonRoman catholic confessions, in particular orthodoxe, developed under the pontificate of Paul VI.

Apart from the Christian world, the pope met in 1971 Kalou Rinpoché at the time of its first voyage in Occident. The September 30th 1973, Paul VI accepted the 14th Dalaï Lama, Tenzin Gyatso in the Vatican. In 1975, it met the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje.

The catholic charismatic revival

Paul VI encouraged the charismatic Renouveau catholic, which he regarded as a chance for the Église and the world.

He declared at the time of his speech in IIIe international congress of the catholic charismatic revival, on May 19th 1975:

“Because God was made man as a Jesus-Christ, whose Church is the mystical Corps, and it is in it that the Esprit of Christ was communicated to the day of the Pentecost, when he descended on the Apostles brought together years “the Upper House”, “assiduous to the prayer”, “around Marie, mother of Jesus””

(to be supplemented)

The politician

Paul VI remained faithful to the Italian traditions which makes of the Pope an important actor of the political life and a leader, in fact, Christian Democrat. At the moment when it launched the Ostpolitik of the Vatican by the means of Mgr. Casaroli to improve the fate of the catholics living in the communist countries, Paul VI blocked all the attempts of NCV and its chief Berlinguer to reach the capacity while being combined with the Democracy-Christian woman. Indeed, Paul VI did not want to give the impression to negotiate with the Soviets in position of weakness or for reasons of interior policy. The NCV was not mistaken there and tried to persuade the Pope, without success.

Its death

80 years old and suffering of Arthrose he saw his last days almost always lengthened. He is victim of a Heart attack in end according to midday the August 6th 1978 in his residence of summer of Castel Gandolfo and dies four hours later, with 21:00, the day of the Transfiguration of Christ. He is buried the August 12th 1978 and is buried according to his wishes in the caves of the Vatican after a private ceremony.

Voir the tv news of August 7th, 1978 which reports the death of Paul VI (files INA)

Quotation

“So indeed the indiction was due to Jean XXIII, it was with him, its successor, to complete it, of an expert hand, delicate and firm. It was not less difficult, for the Montini pope to guide the Church during the post-conciliar time. It was not let condition by incomprehension and criticisms, even if it had to support the sometimes violent suffering and attacks of them, but it remained in any circumstance a firm and careful quartermaster of the boat of Pierre” (Benoit XVI)

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