One indicates by patois Dialecte S and speeches of the minority languages in Belgium, in France, Italy and Suisse, even in Spain. In certain areas of the Canada, the same phenomenon exists, but the word patois is seldom used.

They are generally Romance speeches, concerned with the Langue of oil, the Occitan, the Catalan, the Francoprovençal or of the Parlers gallo-italics. Possibly one used the word patois for speeches Breton S or Corsica S, with an aim of only devaluing them.

A term variously accepted in linguistics

In Linguistic (and in particular in Sociolinguistique), the " term; patois" is not used by the linguists who prefer to use of more precise names, because the " term; patois" took in France, with the wire of the centuries, a pejorative connotation within the framework of a hierarchy between on the one hand the languages (implied worthy to be named thus) and on the other hand the " local speeches and limités" not being able to receive the noble name of " langue". The linguists prefer speech of " Language s" and their local varieties which are the " Dialect s" , " under-dialectes" and, with very small scales, the " parlers" , and generally of Idiom S. Nevertheless, there exist linguists, often specialized of Dialectologie, who use the " term; patois" to indicate a local speech. Thus Henriette Walter does not condemn it the use of the term:

The term of patois gradually managed from there to evoke in the spirit of people the idea too often repeated of a rudimentary language. Us here is far from the definition of the linguists, for which a patois (Romance) is at the beginning one of the forms taken by Latin spoken in a given area, without attaching the least value judgment to it: a patois, it is a language .

The precise linguist under which conditions were born the Romance patois.

Because of its devaluing connotation, the term is employed little today, and the terms of " are more usually found; regional language " (only in France), of " minority Language " , of " minorized language " or, still better, of " subordinate language ".

Etymology

Patois is a word which would come from the Former French patoier meaning to agitate the hands, gesticuler then to behave, manigancer , derived from leg by means of the suffix - oyer . This etymology makes it possible to partly include/understand the pejorative connotation which this term comprises: one patoise when one is not able any more to express oneself but by gesture.

According to another assumption it could derive from the Latin patria (fatherland), thus referred to the local dispersion of an alternative of a language.

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