Party of action

The Parti action was a political party Italy N of 1853 with 1947.

The first Italian party of action is created by Giuseppe Mazzini in 1853. Among its objectives, there are the elections with the Vote for all, the freedom of the press and of thought, responsabiliser the governments in front of the people. The party supports the actions of Giuseppe Garibaldi but it is dissolved after the defeat of the Aspromonte (1862) and with Mentana (1867). The members of the party following the Italian Unité created the historical left of Agostino Depretis.

The party of action inspired by Mazzini leaves room to the party of action inspired by Piero Gobetti and Carlo Rosselli and the Italian Republican party.

The party of action reappears in July 1942, of radical orientation, republican and moderated Socialist, it had one short duration Ca it is dissolved in 1947. Its members are called the " actionnistes" (" azionisti") and its official press agency is " Italia libera".

History

Before creation

The contemporary roots of the party emanate especially from the clandestine movement antifascist of Giustizia E Libertà, created by the brothers Carlo and Nello Rosselli at the time of their exile in France, with the intention to join together all communist anti-Fascism not and not catholic. The sudden movement of hard persecutions (the Rosselli brothers are assassinated) on behalf of the fascistic police force and OVRA. After the fall of Benito Mussolini and the invasion Nazi of the Italy, the members of Giustizia E Libertà takes part in the resistance with the brigade " Rosselli" and the brigade " Giustizia E Libertà". The party of action is one of the seven parties of the Comité of national release.

The Parri government

The finished war, the party of action takes part in the negotiations for the birth of a government of national unit which directs the democratic and economic rebuilding of Italy. It adheres to the government Ivanoe Bonomi and in June 1945, it obtains the presidency of the Council with Ferruccio Parri, president of the partio. It is the culminating point of the action of the party and the fall of the government in November 1945 causes the inexorable decline. During this period, the party tries to associate republican intellectuals, liberal-Socialists and radicals.

Democratic concentration and the election of 1946

With the first congress of February 1946 appears clearly internal divisions of P.d' A.: the party approves adhesion with the constitution of the constituent assembly but divisions between the two principal currents appear; the radical-democratic tendency, taken along by Ugo Malfa, after an exchange with Emilio Lussu which orders the socialist tendency , gives up the party giving rise to the democratic Concentration ( Concentrazione Democratica ), which becomes the Italian Republican party. Division is an hard blow for P.d' has and the elections of the June 2nd 1946 are a total failure: it obtains hardly 1,5% of the voices whereas the forecasts gave him 10%.

Dissolution

A second congress is convened in April 1947 with the objective to start again the party, to fill the hole left by the departure of the republicans and to elect a new executive team. Internal dissensions on important topics like the participation in the government of Alcide De Gasperi and other topics emergent again. In impossibility of going from front, formed of a intellectual elite unable to approach the masses what the result of the elections highlighted, the party is dissolved. Its members especially adhere to the Italian Socialist party, others with the Italian Republican party, others are among the creator of the radical party. In Sardinia, Emilio Lussu gives rise to the Sardinian Parti action.

Ideology

The party proposed like main aim the realization of a project of equality, accompanied by social justice and a very major faith in the Démocratie and the Liberté. They had like ideal the Europe. It felt the need for constituting a political training antifascist halfway between the Democracy-Christian woman defines as motionless, it socialist party and the Communists, with whom the actionnists were in disagreement because of their position on the Private property.

Seven points

The June 4th 1942, during the meeting of the creation of the party, the seven points containing the indications of a future reforming order are elaborate:

  • Constitution of a parliamentary republic with a traditional division of the capacities,

  • Regionalism,
  • Nationalization of the great industrial complexes,
  • Land reform,
  • Trade-union freedom,
  • Secularity of the State and separation of the State and Church,
  • Proposal for an European Federation of the democratic states.

Adhere to the party of action, after having to create in 1943 the European federalistic movement ( Movimento Federalista Europeo ), Ernesto Rossi and Altiero Spinelli. The first becomes under secretary with the rebuilding in the government of Ferruccio Parri and chair of Arar ( Azienda Rilievo Alienazione Residuati ) until 1958.

List principal members

The party of action today

Currently the New Party of action, created in 2005, and the Party of action liberal-Socialist, created in 1998 by Bruno Zevi and Nicola Terraciano), take again the " tradition" and its ideology is very diffuse in the laic parties.

The currency " Giustizia E libertà" the name of association " gave; Libertà E Giustizia" , directed by Sandra Bonsanti to which belonged Umberto Eco and Enzo Biagi. However the statutes of association do not refer to the ideas of the Party of action.

Internal bonds

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