Parodontite

Definition

The parodontite is the Inflammation Parodonte, i.e. fabrics of support of the body Dent surface: the Gum, then the alveolar Os.
The parodontite is a Maladie parodontale.

The parodontite (when the term is used in opposition to the Gingivite), indicates the attack of the alveolar Os (bone surrounding the tooth).
The parodontites are diagnosed thanks to a clinical examination associated with a wide radiographic examination (the assessment parodontal or assessment length-cone).
One is in the presence of a parodontite if there is concomitantly formation of pocket + loss of fastener. In order to measure the depth of the pockets, the dentist uses a probe which it slips between the gum and the tooth.
The parodontite is accompanied by an osseous loss, called Alvéolyse (what means " destruction of the bone alvéolaire").

Symptoms

The parodontite is generally accompanied by visible signs:
  • Gingivite : ignition of the gum, very often associated bleeding.
  • " déchaussement" teeth, i.e. the bone of support of the tooth loses height, the tooth appears longer. This must be a sign of alarm to consult a Dentiste
  • abnormal dental mobilities. It is often the most worrying sign.
  • sometimes of dentinal Over-sensitiveness to the collets of the teeth.

Etiology

Like the gingivite, the parodontite is initially due to the dental plaque , primarily made up of bacteria.
It is thus by eliminating the Dental plaque by good a oral Hygiène (very meticulous and adapted brushing) that one can prevent the parodontite. However, it is the association of the various risk factors which will support the appearance of the first lesions.

Risk factors

  • Genetic factors (Hereditary) : Defects of fibroblasts and anomalies of epithelial and conjunctive fabrics; Deficiency of alkaline phosphatase; Functional defect of the polymorphonuclear ones; Excess of production of the cytokines

  • environmental Factors :

Tobacco: major risk factor. The tobacco by involving a bad vascularization of the gum enormously will influence the appearance of the first lesions by decreasing immunizing defenses.
  • Drugs: certain drugs have undesirable effects, as for example unquestionable anxiolytic which will involve an oral dryness.
  • stress: who influences directly the quality of defense immunitaire
  • the malnutrition
  • Certaines systemic diseases.

    • local Factors :

    unsuited dental Restoration: a crown or an overflowing obturation will support the accumulation of dental plaque and will increase the risks of aggressions of the gencive.
  • Problèmes occlusaux
  • Parafonctions
  • Présence of Tartre.

    Classification

    • chronic Parodontite of the adult
    The alvéolyse is moderate and horizontal. There can be a factor worsening such as for example the occlusion creating vertical lesions.
    • Parodontite aggressive = with fast progression
    The alvéolyse can be localized or generalized with vertical lesions. The worsening factor is often of a genetic nature.

    Forecast

    The evolution in the absence of treatment is the loss of the teeth.
    The parodontites can represent risk factors for systemic diseases. For example it was shown that the risk of premature birth was increased when the mother had parodontaux problems. The diabetes is supported, just as the cardiovascular diseases.

    Treatment

    It is necessary to consult a Dentiste. See : treatment of the diseases parodontales

    External bonds

    • Gingivite and parodontite
    • Treatment of the gums

    Zh-min-nan: Khí-chiu-pēⁿ

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