Parliament tricaméral

A Parliament tricaméral is a legislative institution (Parlement) made up of three rooms. Few modes adopted it, the circuit between the three rooms which can appear long and complicated, or on the contrary simplifying the debate of the development of the laws, and thus anti democratic. The bicameral and monocaméraux Parliaments (like the Convention in France under the Revolution, or current the Riksdag Swedish) are more frequent. Two constitutional modes adopted it: the Consulate in France, and the South Africa at the end of the mode of Apartheid.

Consulate

Parliament of the Consulate, established by the Constitution of the year {{Romanian|VIII|8}}, is composed of four rooms to the clearly shared and defined responsibilities:

the Tribunat discusses the laws, without voting them;
the legislative Body vote laws, but without discussing them;
the Sénat puts forth recommendations, or Sénatus-consulte S.
the Council of State judge the public power.

Tribunat did not have the initiative of the laws: it was the prerogative of the members of the government. He discussed the laws in the presence of the legislative Body. It should be noted that this system quadricameralist was a failure since the legislative power was found quickly dominated by the executive.

In South Africa

History

The Constitution of South Africa coming into effect on September 3rd, 1984 established a presidential regime based on a Parliament tricaméral . This constitution remained into force until April 27th, 1994.

This constitution was proposed in 1983 by Référendum with the South-African white voters in order to liberalize the institutional mode of the Apartheid. Approved by 65 % of the voters, it established three parliamentary rooms distinct elected officials by the three minority racial groups from the country, the white, the Indians and the mongrels in proportion of their population. The blacks were not entitled to any national representation. The only new right which was guaranteed to them was that to elect their own city council men.

Institutions

In this new Parliament, the white elected 178 deputies, the mongrels elected their with dimensions 85 deputies with their room of the representatives and the Indians elected 45 deputies with the room of the delegates.

Each one of these three rooms legislated with the only intention of the racial group of which it was the emanation but for the questions of national interest, the decisions were made jointly and in the majority. In practice, the domination of the national Parti on the 178 white deputies always enabled him to have the last mot.

The president of the republic was elected by 88 Great Electors including 50 indicated in the only white Parliament, 25 in the room of the mongrels and 13 at the Indian delegates. The post of Prime Minister is removed.

In 1987 and 1989, the elections gave a clear majority to the National Party Afrikaner.

Result of the elections in 1987

At the white Parliament, the Conservative party carries the statute of official opposition to the place of the liberals of the Party progressist.

Result of the elections of September 6th, 1989

The white Parliament renewed its majority with the National Party (- 26 seats) whereas the conservative party gained 17 seats.

See too

Internal bond

Elections in South Africa

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