Parasha

For the weekly section of Reading of the Torah, to see Parasha of the week.

The parasha (héb. פרשה, “exposed,” returned in French by Péricope, plur.: parashiot or parashiyyot ) is the traditional unit of division of the text of the Hebraic Bible according to the only allowed version in the Judaïsme, namely the Texte massoretic. The division of the text in parashiot is independent of the classification of the chapters and of the verses, which do not form part of the tradition of the Massorète S. the parashiot do not comprise either classification. This division is only authorized for the rollers of the Torah. Nevertheless, the printed Jewish editions of Pentateuque and the Hebraic Bible have the two notations.

With the return of the Captivity in Babylon, the Torah was divided into 54 weekly sections, also called sidrot (sing.: will sidra ).

Division in parashiot found nowadays in the rollers of Torah of the Jewish communities Ashkénaze S and Sépharade S is based on the decision of Maïmonide. Itself is based on the Codex of Alep.

Rational for a division in sections

In the majority of the cases of figure, a news parasha starts at the place where a new unit of narration or thought is clearly indicated in the biblical text. Each article of the Decalog, from the Codes of Alliance or Holiness are separated by a parasha .

However, any attempt to check such divisions topics systematically implies a degree of subjectivity on behalf of the reader. This subjective element can explain the differences between the codes massoretic as for the details on division in sections, or why verses seeming to introduce new subjects are not the objects of a separated section, or why this one however appears within an account apparently continu.
Dans some of these cases, division in parashiyot is used in order to put forward a particular verse, by creation of a front textual pause, after or before and after the reading of this verse.

Techniques of spacing

In the majority of the manuscripts and modern Jewish editions of the Bible, one distinguishes two types of parashiyot : the " section ouverte" ( parasha petou' ha ) and the " section fermée" ( parasha setouma ).
Une " section ouverte" is similar in the broad outlines in a modern paragraph: the text of the preceding section is completed before the end of the column (leaving a space to the end of the line), and the new section " ouverte" start at the beginning of the following line (but without indentation), which leaves a space " ouvert" between the two sections.
Une " section fermée" marks itself as for it with the medium of the line of text, the preceding section being completed on the same line before space, and the following section beginning at the end from the line. The section is thus known as " fermée" (more literally " scellée") because of absence of space open between it and the following section.

A " section ouverte" ( petouha ) is often abbréviée by the letter " פ " ( peh ), and a " section fermée" ( setouma ) by the letter " ס " ( samekh ) or, in Latin letters, " P" and " S" respectively.

In the codes massoretic, the medieval rollers and those of use in the Jewish communities originating in Yemen, these two techniques of spacing allow more a great choice of options:

a " section ouverte" always starts at the beginning of a new line . This could be carried out in a way described above, or by leaving a white line between the two sections, which sometimes made it possible the preceding section to fill its last line with text.
a " section fermée" never starts at the beginning of a line . This could be carried out in a way described above (a space in the middle of a line), or by finishing the preceding portion before the end of the line, and by beginning the new section on the following line, but with an indentation .

Techniques of spacing for the canticles

In addition to the opened and closed parashiot, Massorètes use certain spaces between each verses (sometimes within the verses even) in order to underline the important or poetic character certain sections, among which:

Torah

Canticle of the Sea (Exodus 15:1 - 19)
Canticle of Brace (Deutéronome 32)

Nevi' im

List of the kings canaanéens (Josué 12:9 - 24)
Cantique of Deborah (Judges 5)
Cantique of David (II Samuel 22)

Ketouvim

Canticle of the Seasons (Ecclésiaste 3:2 - 8)
List of wire of Haman (Esther 9:6 - 10)
champions of David (I Chronicles 11:26 - 47)
Canticle of Assaf (I Chronicles 16:8 - 36)

Halakhic importance

The rigor of the rule of Maïmonide, according to which any error in the parashiyot would invalidate a roller of the Torah completely, led to an important debate halakhic which is not solved to date. Among the contradictors of Maïmonide Brace, one finds his son, Rav Abraham Maïmonide, Rav Mena' hem haMeïri, Maharam Halava, Mahari Mintz, and Maran Ovadia Yosef

All conclude that a roller containing of the parashiyot based on another tradition scribale, which would be in disagreement with the list of the parashiyot established by Maïmonide, remains valid. However, an obvious error not finding its tradition in a tradition scribale invalid the Sefer Torah , even within sight of these more lenient opinions.

Parashiyot in the Torah

The following list presents divisions in parashiyot such as one them touve in the '' Sifrei Torah '' according to the Mishneh Torah of Maïmonide, and the Codex of Alep on which it had been based. The few differences between these sources are explained in footnotes. The five books of the Torah were divided according to their weekly sections.

Because of stature of Maïmonide Brace, divisions in parashiyot of the Torah were largely standardized, and lists it below takes again divisions which one finds in virtually all the nowadays printed Hebraic Bibles, the Sifrei Torah , like in similar texts on line.

Symbols:

{P} = parasha p etou' ha (" section ouverte"), resembling new a p aragraphe
{S} = parasha S etouma (" section fermée"), marked by a white e' pace in the middle of the line
{-} = not of space mark indicated

Note: only spaces between two sections are listed: (S) or (P) indicate the statute of the second section which starts with this one, EP " Genesis {S} 5:32 - 6: 4 {P} " is regarded as a closed section ( setouma ) because it begins with {S}. No space mark is indicated in front of the first section of a biblical book, or after its last section.

Bereshit (Genesis)

The Hebrew text of the Genesis with divisions in parashiyot can be visualized here.

Parashat Bereshit (Genesis 1:1 - 6: 8): 1:1 - 5 {P} 1:6 - 8 {P} 1:9 - 13 {P} 1:14 - 19 {P} 1:20 - 23 {P} 1:25 - 31 {P} 2:1 - 3 {P} 2:4 - 3: 15 {S} 3:16 {S} 3:17 - 21 {P} 3:22 - 24 {P} 4:1 - 26 {S} 5:1 - 5 {S} 5:6 - 8 {S} 5:9 - 11 {S} 5:12 - 14 {S} 5:15 - 17 {S} 5:18 - 20 {S} 5:21 - 24 {S} 5:25 - 27 {S} 5:28 - 31 {S} 5:32 - 6: 4 {P} 6:5 - 8
Parashat Noa' H (Gen. 6:9 - 11: 32): {P} 6:9 - 12 {S} 6:13 - 8: 14 {S} 8:15 - 9: 7 {S} 9:8 - 17 {P} 9:18 - 29 {P} 10:1 - 14 {S} 10:15 - 20 {S} 10:21 - 32 {P} 11:1 - 9 {P} 11:10 - 11 {S} 11:12 - 13 {S} 11:14 - 15 {S} 11:16 - 17 {S} 11:18 - 19 {S} 11:20 - 21 {S} 11:22 - 23 {S} 11:24 - 25 {S} 11:26 - 32
Parashat Lekh Lekha (Gen. 12:1 - 17: 27): {P} 12:1 - 9 {P}

Shemot (Exodus)

The Hebrew text of the Exodus with divisions in parashiyot can be visualized here.

Parashat Ki Tissa (Exodus 30:11 - 34: 35): {P} 30:11 - 16 {P} 30:17 - 21 {P} 30:22 - 33 {S} 30:34 - 38 {S} 31:1 - 11 {P} 31:12 - 17 {S} 31:18; 32: 1-6 {P} 32:7 - 14 {S} 32:15 - 35 {S} 33:1 - 11 {P} 33:12 - 16 {P} 33:17 - 23 {P} 34:1 - 36 {P} 34:27 - 35
Parashat Vayaqhel (e.g. 35:1 - 38: 20): {S} 35:1 - 3

Vayiqra (Lévitique)

The Hebrew text of Lévitique with divisions in parashiyot can be visualized here.

Parashat A' harei Word (Lévitique 16:1 - 18: 30): {S} 16:1 - 34 {P} 17:1 - 16 {P} 18:1 - 5 {S} 18:6 {S} 18:7 {S} 18:8 {S} 18:9 {S} 18:10 {S} 18:11 {S} 18:12 {S} 18:13 {S} 18:14 {S} 18:15 {S} 18:16 {S} 18:17 - 30
Parashat Kedoshim (Lév. 19:1 - 20: 27): {P} 19:1 - 22 {P} 19:23 - 32 {S} 19:33 - 37 {P} 20:1 - 27
Parashat Emor (Lév. 21:1 - 24: 23): {P} 21:1 - 9 {S} 21:10 - 15 {S} 21:16 - 24 {P} 22:1 - 16 {P} 22:17 - 25 {S} 22:26 - 33 {P} 23:1 - 3 {P} 23:4 - 4 {P} 23:9 - 14 {S} 23:15 - 22 {P} 23:23 - 25 {S} 23:26 - 32 {P} 23:33 - 44 {P} 24:1 - 4 {P} 24:5 - 9 {S} 24:10 - 12 {P} 24:13 - 23
Parashat Behar (Lév. 25:1 - 26: 2): {P} 25:1 - 7 {S} 25:8 - 24 {S} 25:25 - 28 {S} 25:29 - 34 {S} 25:35 - 38 {S} 25:39 - 46 {S} 25:47 - 26: 2
Parashat Be' houqotaï (Lév. 26:3 - 27: 34): {P} 26:3 - 13 {P} 26:14 - 26 {S} 26:27 - 46 {P} 27:1 - 8 {S} 27:9 - 34

Bemidbar (Numbers)

The Hebrew text of the Book of the Numbers with divisions in parashiyot can be visualized here.

Parashat Bemidbar (1:1 Numbers - 4: 20): 1:1 - 19 {S} 1:20; 21 {P} 1:22 - 23 {P} 1:22 - 23 {P} 1: 24-25 {P} 1: 26-27 {P} 1: 28-29 {P} 1: 30-31 {P} 1: 32-33 {P} 1: 34-35 {P} 1: 36-37 {P} 1: 38-39 {P} 1:40 - 41 {P} 1: 42-43 {P} 1:44 - 47 {P} 1:48 - 54 {P} 2:1 - 9 {S} 2:10 - 16 {S} 2:17 {S} 2:18 - 24 {S} 2:25 - 31 {P} 2:32 - 34 {P} 3:1 - 4 {P} 3:5 - 10 {P} 3:11 - 13 {P} 3:14 - 26 {S} 3:27 - 39 {S} 3:40 - 43 {P} 3:44 - 51 {P} 4:1 - 16 {P} 4:17 - 20
Parashat Nasso (Nomb. 4:21 - 7: 89): {P} 4:21 - 28 {S} 4:29 - 37 {S} 4:38 - 49 {P} 5:1 - 4 {P} 5:5 - 10 {P} 5:11 - 31 {P} 6:1 - 21 {P} 6:22 - 23 {S} 6:24 {S} 6:25 {S} 6:26 {S} 6:27 {S} 7:1 - 11 {S} 7:12 - 17 {P} 7:18 - 23 {P} 7:24 - 29 {P} 7:30 - 35 {P} 7:36 - 41 {P} 7:42 - 47 {P} 7:48 - 53 {P} 7:54 - 59 {P} 7:60 - 65 {P} 7:66 - 71 {P} 7:72 - 77 {P} 7:78 - 83 {P} 7:84 - 89
Parashat Behaalotekha (Nomb. 8:1 - 12: 16): {P} 8:1 - 4 {P}

Devarim (Deutéronome)

The Hebrew text of Deutéronome with divisions in parashiyot can be visualized here.

Parashat Ki Tavo (Deutéronome 26:1 - 29: 8): {P} 26:1 - 11 {S} 26:12 - 15 {S} 26:16 - 19 {P} 27:1 - 8 {S} 27:9 - 10 {S} 27:11 - 14 {S} 27:15 {S} 27:16 {S} 27:17 {S} 27:18 {S} 27:19 {-} 27:20 {S} 27:21 {S} 27:22 {S} 27:23 {S} 27:24 {S} 27:25 {S} 27:26 {P} 28:1 - 14 {P} 28:15 - 68 {S} 28:69 {P} 29:1 - 8
Parashat Nitzavim (Deut. 29:9 - 30: 20): {P} 29:9 - 29: 28 {S}

Alternatives

Variations compared to this list can be found in the Codex of Leningrad (which is used as a basis for the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia ), like in some Sifrei Torah Yemeni.

References

Quoted literature

Ofer, Yosef. " The Aleppo Codex and the Bible off R. Shalom Shachna Yelin" in Rabbi Mordechai Breuer Festschrift: Collected Papers in Jewish Studies , ED. Mr. Bar-Asher, 1:295 - 353. Jerusalem, 1992 (Hebrew).
Penkower, Jordan S. " Maimonides and the Aleppo Codex". Textus 9 (1981): 39-128 (English).
Penkower, Jordan S. New Obviousness for the Pentateuch Text in the Aleppo Codex . Presses of the University Bar-Ilan: Ramat Gan, 1992 (Hebrew).

See too

External bonds

Comment on the paracha

(in) Course on the parasha:

Classes from Yeshiva University one the Parsha
Classes from 613.org one the Parsha
Year array off Classes one the Parsha
Classes for Beginners, Intermediate, and Advanced Learners one the Parsha - including has Summary Plus Depth

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