The personality disorder paranoiac constitutes a state of suspicious mistrust invading towards the others, whose intentions are interpreted in a malevolent way. The current trend is to consider that there exists an active continuum of normality to the serious forms of Paranoïa while passing by the paranoiac personality. The normal human being can, at certain moment, to present in a way isolated from such symptoms, which one will be able to then include/understand like reactional and unstable defenses against the anguish. At certain people however, the features of paranoiac personality are rigidified, settled in a chronic way and end up constituting a suffering or an embarrassment for the entourage. One speaks then about paranoiac Personality disorder. If a delirious state settles, one speaks then about Paranoïa.
Epidemiology
Twice more frequent at the man than at the woman, this disorder however is diagnosed little, since most of suffering at all does not think of consulting. The prevalence is thus very hard to define: one estimates it between 0,4% for the most optimistic studies, and 3,3%.
Principal criteria retained by the DSM-IV
The paranoiac personality implies the presence from at least four of the seven following symptoms:- the subject expects, without sufficient reasons, so that the others exploit it, harm to him or mislead it;
- It is worried by unjustified concerning the honesty or the fidelity of these friends/associated doubts;
- It is reticent to entrust to others because it fears that information is not used against him;
- It distinguishes hidden significances, humiliating or menaçantes in events pain-killers;
- It is rancorous, does not forgive to be wounded, insulted or scorned;
- It perceives attacks against its person or her reputation, to which it will react by anger or the counter-attack;
- It questions in a repeated way and without justification fidelity of joint sound.
Psychopathological characteristics
The major behavior of defense is a symptom-key. It touches many fields of the life of the subject: social life, emotional, professional…
The paranoiac personality disorder constitutes a form has minimum and a development fund of the Paranoïa. One thus finds there the forms attenuated of the symptoms of this one: hypertrophy ego with an over-estimate of oneself, in particular. Not very emotional, the patient wants to be rational. However, the falseness of the judgment is present, an absence of self-criticism, a reasoning wanting to be logical but resting on partial a priori , taken out of their total context. One also speaks about psychorigidity or thought psychorigide: the patient does not accept any external argument, whether it is positive or negative.
Mistrust and susceptibility, nourish waiting to be misled by others. This attitude can finally bring directly to the fraud or the mysteries on behalf of the entourage, which by return, will justify mistrust… The patient misses Introspection, does not recover that little causes some, mask his feelings for fear one of serf against him.
A particular type of paranoiac personality, sensitive personality
It is a paranoiac type of Personnalité marked by a high direction of the values morals, pride (a high regard of oneself, which results in being regarded as never sufficiently recognized with its right value), a relational hyperesthesy involving a great vulnerability in the social contacts, and a tendency to self-criticism, to interiorize the failures painfully and a susceptibility. One does not find the hypertrophy of ego nor the Quérulence present at the other paranoiac personalities.
Assumption of responsibility and therapeutic objective
The disorder is diagnosed relatively little and difficult to treat: like its more obvious counterpart, it leads the subject to think that him, goes completely well, and that the others are responsible for its misfortune. One will exert an assumption of responsibility directed towards the fight against the permanent feeling of insecurity, the development of the Empathie, so that the subject can better put at the place others and adopt from the different points of view.
Evolution
The paranoiac personality can remain stable all its life, but it constitutes a favorable ground with the paranoiac development of psychosis, or with the Délire of relations of sensitive of Ktretschmer (for the sensitive personalities).
See too
Internal bonds
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