Papyrus Edwin Smith
The papyrus Edwin Smith was discovered by Edwin Smith with Thèbes in 1862. Written in Hieratic with - according to sources even older (~ -3500), he is regarded as the oldest document of literature Médical E. According to the translations which were made by it, it is about a treaty on the Traumatisme S which describes with force details the clinical observations raised on a great number of cases, as well as the Diagnostic and the Pronostic associated with the treatment applied. Various surgical acts are mentioned thus that pharmacopeias. Written during the Ancient Empire, it is almost free from any magic and contains the first known descriptions of the joinings of the bones of the Crâne, of the Méninge S, the external surface of the cerebral Cortex, the céphalo-rachidian Liquide and the intracranial pulsation.
Another striking fact, this papyrus is one of the very first traces of an association between the integrity of the Cerveau or at least of the Tête and the functions Cognitive S. It is thus mentioned ocular cases of complications, Tétraplégie and urinary Incontinence consecutive with cranial traumatisms.
Preserved at New York, the papyrus Edwin Smith was initially translated by James Henry Breasted which published it in 1930.
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