Panturquism

The panturquism is a Idéologie seeking to join together all the Peuples Turkish in same a State-nation, the “Touran”.

This concept was popularized by the Young person-Turks and in particular by Enver Pasha. It then was rejected and fought under Turkey kemalist even if it rested much on the Nationalisme for the Turkish training of young people State-nation - in the name of the famous principle kemalist: " Peace in the country, peace in the monde".

History

As of the dissolution of the the USSR, Turkey immediately recognized the independence of the Turkish-speaking republics. It assisted in its fast insertion of these republics to the international organizations and regional. It also brought a considerable multiform help for the opening of the representations of the Turkish-speaking republics in various countries in the world. The January 24th 1992, it founded TIKA (Turkish Agency of International cooperation) attached to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in order to control and to coordinate the whole of the political actions, economic, cultural with the Turkish-speaking republics.

Turkey signed with those several hundreds of protocols and at the same time bilateral and multilateral agreements of which the first were relating to the cultural field in order to spare the Russia anxious bringing together of the Turkish-speaking States. Russia accommodated besides with coldness the historical meeting of the Heads of State of the Turkish-speaking countries of Central Asia (Azerbaïdjan, Turkménistan, Ouzbékistan, Kirghizstan and Kazakhstan), with Ankara, the October 31st 1992. Thereafter, these agreements, treaties and protocols were extended gradually to the other fields in particular with the economic domain.

The unification and the Latinization of the alphabets Turkish were one of the first concerns of the Turkish authorities as of the shortly after the defederalisation of the USSR. This process was accompanied also by the diffusion of the emissions by the Turkish chains via TURK-SAT on a geographical space energy by the Western Europe until the Turkestan. With the creation of TURKSOY (Common Administration of the Cultures and Arts Turks or TURCITE) in June 1993, the objective of Turkey east to carry out in medium-term priority the especially linguistic cultural unification by co-operation multiform between the republics and the Turkish-speaking communities of the ex-USSR and Turkey. The institution of the TÜRKSOY is equivalent to that of the High council of the Francophonie instituted the March 12th 1984 in France.

For the realization of the economic unification, Ankara opened credit lines by the means of the Turkish Eximbank in order to support the investments and the economic exchanges. Hundreds of joints - ventures thus entered in activity. The whole of the economic relations, commercial, technical, educational, scientific, social and cultural between the Turkish-speaking Turkey and Republics and Communities (RCT) are managed and coordinated by the TIKA. Its activities aim at the development économico - political Turkish-speaking countries as well as the countries bordering. Turkey ambitionne to export its economic development model and policy towards the Turkish-speaking republics vis-a-vis with the Iranian model rejected by the overall hostile Occident with the Islamism since the withdrawal of the communist ideology of the international scene. It forms the top executives (contractors, diplomats, officers, teaching etc) of the RCT.

The question of the routing of hydrocarbons of the Turkish-speaking republics towards Turkey, the the Mediterranean and the Europe was and remains a major geopolitical stake between the regional powers: Russia, Turkey and the Iran. So on the cultural and economic level, the Turkish-speaking republics are of agreement to consider construction " of a Common Market turc" mutually advantageous for the division of the richnesses, on the political plan, it is hardly possible to join together in the actual position of the international relations the TCT in only one political entity. All the Heads of State of the Turkish-speaking republics against any political unification are openly based on the panturquism considered as an exceeded dream.

The Turkish-speaking republics currently live what the State-nation S lived Arab after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. They are in the search of their national identity and the interests of each country does not coincide inevitably with those of Turkey. Moreover, there exist divergences fundamental between the Turkish-speaking republics because one century of separation. These republics and communities have determining economic relations with Russia which remains their privileged economic partner. Russia is also the first business partner of Turkey in the area.

Panturquisme in the current Turkish policy

In contemporary Turkey, the Turkish panturquism represented by the Nationalist Party of Action (MHP) directed for several decades by Alpaslan Türkeş, a former colonel, has been opposed overall on the ideological level to the panturquism sultangaliévien: the MHP is regarded as a party ultra-nationalist of right-hand side which always had its place in a political system (parliamentary Republic) in which the formation of the government passes by the formation of coalitions. Moreover, it is strongly established in the Army which is and remains the guaranteeing supreme one of the republic One and Indivisible and which always had its word to say on the management of the country. Since the collapse of the USSR, the MHP did not obtain the success which it discounted in particular at the time of the last legislative elections. This is due partly to the direct encouragement (by the mode) and indirect of the late islamist party (disappearance of Communism), the Parti Prosperity (Refah Partisi) directed by Necmettin Erbakan. Incompetent to dam up the guerilla PKK (Left the Workers of Kurdistan) since 1984, the Turkish mode, by privileging an islamist party tries to fight at the same time against the Marxist ideology Leninist of the PKK (Afghan scenario) and tries to gather the population around the religion, a very strong vector of cohesion in order to ensure the unit and the internal stability of the country while isolating the PKK from the mass.

See too

Touranisme
Panslavisme
Panarabisme
Pan-Germanism

Random links: