Palika

The Started from release kanak or Palika is a founded political party of New Caledonia in 1975 militant for the independence of this territory while being a component of the Front of national Release kanak and Socialist (FLNKS) and National union for independence.

History

Formation and the independence face

In July 1975, Palika is created by the fusion of two groups of extreme-left and founded radical freedom fighters the shortly after May 1968, the red Foulards and the Groupe 1878 . It is then the first political training created with an official aim of claim of independence. Its positions are rather radical, appealing with the emancipation by the fight and by taking again theses Marxist S with the installation after the independence of a system of economy collectivist. Its leaders are then Nidoïsh Naisseline which was the founder of the “red Scarves”, and Paul Néaoutyine in particular.

Palika is soon joined in camp independence by other parties more moderated, which the principal remainder the Union calédonienne, left traditionally to the capacity since the years 1950 in New Caledonia and who finally chose the defense of independence to its congress of Bourail of 1977 under the impulse of its new leader Jean-Marie Tjibaou, for what it is necessary to add the United front of release kanak (FULK) of Yann Céléné Uregeï (he also rather radical), the Socialist party calédonien (PSC) and the Union progressist mélanésienne (UPM) of André Gopéa. These various movements are combined the June 4th 1979 for the territorial elections within the independence Front.

The party undergoes its first internal crisis at the time of the presidential elections then legislative of 1981. The independence Front takes then party for François Mitterrand and approaches the Socialist party, Rock Pidjot, of the Union calédonienne, being elected appointed under this national label. Part of the radical core of Palika, carried out by Nidoïsh Naisseline, disapproves bringing together then and invites to remain faithful to the ideas Marxist S of the origins. That leads to a scission the April 8th 1981, the hard wing follows Nidoïsh Naisseline which founds the party socialist Libération kanak (LKS) which remains however within the independence Front until in 1984 (the LKS will refuse the boycott of the elections then and thus to belong to FLNKS). When the independence Face dissoud the September 24th 1984 to form the FLNKS which adopts a new strategy of boycotts institutions and elections, Palika then constitutes the most radical line on the left and within the independence camp during the events of 1984 with 1988 and is one of the main forces of the Committees of fight which join together the independence active elements, whereas on the political plan the main force of FLNKS remains the Union calédonienne.

A more and more moderated party and the division of the independence camp

In spite of its radical positions, Palika takes part with the other components of FLNKS in the signature of the Accords of Matignon the June 26th 1988. The May 4th 1989, Jean-Marie Tjibaou is assassinated and Paul Néaoutyine, of Palika, is elected to succeed to him the presidency of FLNKS the March 24th 1990. It will remain it until the December 9th 1995.

In this context of preparation of the referendum of 1998 envisaged by the Agreements of Matignon and which must decide so yes or not the New Caledonia will become independent, and whereas new institutional cutting allows the arrival of freedom fighters stations of management (in particular in the Northern Province and that of the Îles Honesty), the whole of the freedom fighters adopt a more moderate line supporting a greater dialog with the anti-freedom fighters, while being opposed always firmly to them. Palika then remains however the component on the left of the party and regards the Agreements of Matignon only as one stage towards the independence of New Caledonia which, in the long term, must obligatorily be done, whatever is the means.

But it is especially an increasing opposition between the Union calédonienne and Palika which is born soon. Indeed, the first remains always the political main force within FLNKS and controls the presidency of the two independence provinces (Léopold Jorédié in North and Richard Kaloï in the Islands Honesty). Palika, generally constant with the other small formations of FLNKS (UPM, the new whole founded RDO in 1994 in particular), starts to dispute the supremation of the CPU on the independence camp. Moreover, the choice of the Union calédonienne to defend an independence creating a “State associated” with the France at the time of its congress of the November 12th 1995. Thus to the provincial elections of July 1995 Paul Néaoutyine carries out in the Northern Province a dissenting list, called National union for independence, opposed to the official list FLNKS of Léopold Jorédié: it then obtains 5 elected officials out of 22. This dissidence and its increasing opposition with the Union calédonienne push it to resign of the presidency of FLNKS in December 1995. It is then replaced at the time of the congress of Noumea of the December 9th by Rock Wamytan, of the Union calédonienne.

Another opposition appears within the FLNKS, and that whatever the party, about the revival starting from 1994 and 1995 of the negotiations with the anti-freedom fighters and the State to avoid the “referendum guillotine” of 1998 which, that is not then any doubt with the sights of the results of the provincial elections, will reject independence massively, and whereas violences and the ethnic confrontations of the Events are not so far only that. Two fractures are born then: a Palika-CPU concerning the type of required independence (maintenance of the project of “Socialist Kanak Independence (IKS)” for the first and Independence association for the second), and another as regards the revival of the negotiations with RPCR. Palika but also Rock'n'roll Wamytan and a majority of the personalities of the FLNKS then puts agreement to refuse these last as long as the Company nickel did not yield its concession minings of the North (of which the old mine of Tiebaghi) at the mining Company of Peaceful South SMSP managed by the Northern Province. However, other independence political personalities refute this position and start sleep-and-already to negotiate with the anti-freedom fighters as of 1997, unconditionally: it acts within Palika of the number 2 of the party (its spokesperson) and mayor of Yaté Raphaël Mapou and for the Union calédonienne of the president of the Northern Province Léopold Jorédié and of that of the party François Burck. Those are then excluded from their respective movements as well as FLNKS and found together in 1998 the Fédération of the independence coordination committees (FCCI), chaired by Raphaël Mapou, which preaches a greater dialog with RPCR.

Finally, the mining condition desired by FLNKS is obtained in February 1998 and the negotiations which will have to bring to the signature of the Accord of Noumea begin, directed independence side by Paul Néaoutyine and Rock Wamytan. At the same time, an ideological inversion seems to take place within FLNKS: Palika, until there independence radical pole, becomes more moderate while the Union calédonienne, under the impulse of its new president Bernard Lepeu, hardens his position. Thus the April 27th 1997, FLNKS carried out by the Union calédonienne decides at the time of its congress of Koné to abstain from for the legislative elections, while Palika invites on the contrary to support the candidature of the local businessman and yet anti-freedom fighter acknowledged Philippe Pentecost in the 2 {{E}} district vis-a-vis the outgoing deputy Pierre Frogier.

At the time of the provincial elections of 1999 which make following the signature of the Accord of Noumea, Palika, combined with the UPM, the RDO and some members of the CPU, presents this time Ci either one but two dissenting lists always called PLAIN. That in North gains the victory with 9 elected officials out of 22 and Paul Néaoutyine is elected president of the Province. In the Islands Honesty, it is the list FLNKS carried out by the CPU which carries it but with a very relative majority (6 elected officials out of 14) against 2 for Palika. If the whole of the elected officials of FLNKS initially form a single group with the Congrès of New Caledonia, favoured in that by the accession with the presidency of CPU of moderate the Rock Wamytan which calls with the gathering by cumulating this political office with that of president of FLNKS, and present a joint list for the election of the first government resulting from the Accord of Noumea, this agreement does not last. Thus, as of 2000, the majority of the elected officials of the Union calédonienne form a group distinct from that of the remainder of FLNKS under the impulse of Pascal Naouna which calls with a respect with the letter of the Agreement of which it adopts a very radical vision, whereas Palika calls then with the dialog with RPCR. In 2001, the divorce is practically consumed at the time of the election to the presidency of the CPU of Pascal Naouna and the ousting of Wamytan Rock'n'roll of that of FLNKS.

The independence Face since then did not succeed, and that until in 2006, to find an area of agreement. The points of dissension multiply:

  • starting from 2001 and until in 2007, with each election of a new government the PLAIN carried out by Palika and the Union calédonienne present two distinct lists, and two mobilities form also two different groups with the Congrès.
  • meeting of several congresses of the FLNKS or the political office, but impossibility each time of agreeing on the name of a president for the independence face.
  • call to the abstention from the CPU at the time of the legislative elections of 2002 whereas Palika introduced candidates in the two districts, of which Paul Néaoutyine in the second.
  • boycott by the CPU of the committee of the signatories of 2003 and manifestation of the militants of this movement at the time of the visit of the president of the Republic Jacques Chirac the same year, whereas Paul Néaoutyine and Palika took part in the meeting of the signatories to give a progress report on the advance of the Accord of Noumea and to maintain the dialog with the State and RPCR like with the official meetings organized for the visit of the Head of the State on the Territory.
  • maintenance at the time of the provincial ones of 2004 of two distinct lists (with the PLAIN which joins together this time the whole of FLNKS except CPU) at least for the freedom fighters in the three provinces. Paul Néaoutyine reinforces his majority in Northern Province by almost obtaining the absolute majority with 11 elected officials out of 22 (9 Palika, 1 UPM and 1 RDO), while majority CPU in the Îles Honesty is reduced to 4 elected officials out of 14 compared with 2 in Palika which is combined traditionally to the 2 dissenting members of the Union calédonienne who formed list CPU Revival. For the first time, Palika made of many elected officials good match with Union calédonienne with 9 elected officials in Northern Province, 2 in Province Islands, and 7 with the Congress, while via the PLAIN it becomes the first independence force of many voices.
  • after 2004, the Union calédonienne vote traditionally with the new executive team of the Avenir together, which is not the case of Palika.
  • Paul Néaoutyine is particularly criticized by the Union calédonienne for its management in Northern Province, which she considers authoritative in particular owing to the fact that very few executive stations (in particular no vice-presidency) was not entrusted to the elected officials of this movement.

Towards a bringing together of the freedom fighters

In 2006 however the freedom fighters make common cause for the defense of the cold electorate and being thus opposed to the electorate slipping wanted by the anti-freedom fighters. FLNKS has finally win, the French Constitution being revised by a vote of the Congress of February 2007 to introduce the concept of cold electorate there (only will be able to vote with the provincial elections from now on that those which are resident on the Territory since at least 1998).

In 2007 finally, FLNKS presents candidatures common (for the first time since 1981) to the legislative elections in the two districts: Charles Washetine of Palika in the First and Charles Pidjot of the CPU in the second. They are both beaten with the seconds turns by the candidates of the Gathering-UMP, respectively Gaël Yanno and Pierre Frogier. And during the renewal of the Government of New Caledonia, the two independence groups of the Congress present a joint list which first of all collectively resigns the very same day of the formation of the First government Martin the August 6th 2007 to protest against an error which would have taken place during the vote (one of the coupled voice independence being lost in spoilt ballot paper because with a blank vote, making lose a station within the government with the FLNKS) then which obtains 4 members out of 11 within the second government Martin the August 21st 2007, including 2 Palika and 2 CPU.

Direction

Palika does not have technically a president, but is directed by an political office elected in Congress and which designates in its center a spokesperson. However, and that since the years 1980, Paul Néaoutyine is regarded as the practically uncontested leader of the party, although he is not member of the political office. If not, the spokesperson of Palika is since 1998 Charles Washetine. Before him, it was about Raphaël Mapou since 1989.

Elected officials

Members of Parliament

In 2002, Palika presented for the first time of its history of the candidates for the legislative elections: Wassissi Konyi in the 1 (which did not pass the first turn) and Paul Néaoutyine in 2nd (beaten with the second turn by the outgoing deputy Pierre Frogier). In 2007, the freedom fighters introduced common candidates and Charles Washetine, resulting from Palika, was qualified for the second turn in the 1 {{era}} district but is then largely beaten by Gaël Yanno of the Gathering-UMP (69,2% against 30,8%).

Government

Palika lays out since 2004 of two members out of 11 who practically kept the same responsibilities within the second government Thémereau then second government Martin, namely:

Congress

The PLAIN group - FLNKS laid out following the provincial elections of 2004 of 8 members (7 coming from Northern Province and 1 of the Îles Honesty) on 54, to what the single elected official of CPU Revival was added quickly. To the 9 members of the LINKED group, one counts 7 resulting from Palika, 1 of the RDO and 1 of the CPU Revival. It is chaired by Jean-Pierre Djaïwé, which is in addition 1st vice-president of the Northern Province, 2nd vice-president of the Congrès, Member of the permanent Commission, chair internal Commission of the Législation and economic Regulation S and Fiscale and copresident of that of the Legislation and Regulation relating to the usual Businesses with the CPU Pascal Naouna.

Within the office, Palika has two vice-presidencies: Jean-Pierre Djaïwé thus for 2nd and Valentine Eurisouké for 8th and last one. Palika has one member within the standing committee (the other station within this commission reserved for the UNI-FLNKS is occupied by elected official CPU Revival), chairs only one commission interns and another Co-chairs some. Jean-Pierre Djaïwé, which cumulates practically all the stations of management reserved for Palika within the Congress, is generally regarded as the n°3 of the party behind Paul Néaoutyine and Charles Washetine.

Provinces

Southern Province

Palika, like all the other formations independnatists, does not have an elected official in Southern Province, its list, carried out by Adolphe Digoué, not succeeding in reaching the bar of the 5% in 2004 even if, with 2.530 and 4,6% of the votes, it were best placed of all the independence lists. Its dominant figures in the province are however Charles Washetine and Adolphe Digoué, but Palika forever very established in this province.

Northern Province

List UNI-FLNKS, carried out by Paul Néaoutyine, gains the elections with 37,51% of the votes and 11 seats out of 22, including 9 for Palika, 1 for the UPM and 1 for the RDO. Paul Néaoutyine is also the president of the assembly of Province, and two vice-presidencies out of three (the 1 and 3rd) are occupied by elected officials of the party, the second having been given to Victor Tutugoro of the UPM.

Islands Honesty

List UNI-FLNKS, carried out by the mayor of Ouvéa Boniface Ounou, arrived only in third position behind the CPU and RPCR with 16,3% of the votes and 2 seats out of 14 (both Palika). Boniface Ounou is the 1st vice-president of the Parliament of Province.

Communes

See with the article Face of national kanak and socialist release.

Sources

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