The Palestine agent indicates the political statute established by the Société of the Nations in Palestine of 1922 to 1947.

The administration of Palestine is entrusted to the the United Kingdom, which, in accordance with the declaration Balfour, takes the load to constitute a “Jewish national hearth there”.

Origin

The movement Zionist wished since the end of the XIXe century to found a Jewish national hearth with the assistance of a great power.

In 1917, in answer to the requests of certain leaders Zionists, like Haïm Weizmann, the British government makes public the declaration Balfour, which promises such a national hearth in Palestine.

The installation of the mandate

Remained to be made to officialize this promise, then to implement it. In February 1919, the representatives Zionists with the conference of the peace of Paris thus request the granting of a mandate on Palestine from the United Kingdom, from which they seem the privileged allies. The allied powers line up with this choice at the time of the Conférence of San Remo, in April 1920. The British mandate is officialized by the Société of the Nations (SDN) in July 1922.

The mandate indicates that the United Kingdom must “ place the country under political conditions, administrative and economic which will allow the establishment of a Jewish hearth national and the development of institutions of car-government ”. It must also “ facilitate Jewish immigration and encourage the compact installation of the Jews on the grounds ”.

The mandate precise in a way much vaguer than the agent must take care of the safeguarding of the civil laws and monks of the Arab population (one does not speak about “political rights”). This treatment difference will be strongly criticized by the Palestinian Arab leaders, that it is by the radicals gathered around the mufti Haj Amin Al Husseini, or by the moderate ones gathered around the Nashashibi family.

The definition of the borders

After the Conference of San Remo, the Palestine agent gathers the current territories of Israel, the Palestinian territories and the Jordan.

As of September 1922, the British found the Royaume Hachémite de Transjordanie, left the Palestine agent located at the east of the the Jordan and place at its head the king Abdallah.

The conflict between Zionists and Arabs

The part located at the west of the the Jordan preserves the name of Palestine. A " Jewish Agency " and a broad Jewish immigration are installation there. The Jewish agency becomes gradually a proto-State equipped with a rather broad autonomy within the British empire.

The Jewish population passes from 83.000 in December 1918 to 650.000 in 1948.

Refusing the Zionist project, the Arab population will on several occasions organize disorders (riots of 1920 and 1929), and even a true rising, between the end of 1935 and 1939 (the Great Arab Revolt). To answer this revolt, the British drastiquement reduce Jewish immigration in 1939, and announces that under 10 years, Palestine will be able to become a unit independent State (thus with Arab majority).

After the Second world war, the Zionists thus enter in conflict with the United Kingdom. The radical groups (Irgoun and Lehi) largely use the attacks against the British, and out of many soldiers and British civils servant are killed. The British announce their wish to give their mandate to UNO in 1947. November 30th 1947, the General meeting of the United Nations decides then to divide Palestine between a Jewish State and an Arab State. The civil war bursts the following day and the escalation of violence becomes extensive quickly. The British remain relatively neutral and passive and withdraw their troops of the country gradually.

The British administration finishes on May 14th 1948 definitively. The State of Israel is proclaimed the following day. The civil war is transformed into war open between Israel and the close Arab countries.

See too

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