Paleolithic means

The Paléolithique means is one period of the Préhistoire which falls under the continuity of the Paléolithique inferior. In Europe, it begins around 300.000 years before the present (stage 8 of the isotopic Chronologie) with generalization from the Débitage Levallois and is completed around 30.000 years with the disappearance of the Homme of Néandertal and the arrival of Human anatomically modern ( Homo sapiens ) come from Proche-Orient.

This period is marked by the appearance of a whole of new cultural features: she sees for example spreading and diversifying the use of the improved tools (Racloir S, dentils, etc). These tools are produced starting from glares output at the expense of prepared blocks of raw material, called Nucléus. One of the methods of cutting up of glares, identified as of the 19th century and relatively well-known, is the Méthode Levallois: it is characterized by the possibility of outputting in a way repeated of the glares whose form was given before their detachment during the preparation of the nucléus.

In Europe, the principal cultural event of the Paleolithic means is the Moustérien. The principal craftsman of Moustérien is the Homo neanderthalensis , or Homme of Néandertal: this cousin without descent of the modern Man ( Homo sapiens ) presented a bulky cranium to the reducing face, the marked know-orbital torus, and the chin practically absent. These characteristics are known for us in particular thanks to the fossil discoveries of bones of Saccopastore, the Grotte Guattari on the Mont Circé (Italy), of Gibraltar in the South of the Iberian peninsula, of Vault-with-Saint, Ferrassie, Quina (France), of Spy (Belgium) and of course of Néandertal (Germany).

If the first descriptions wanted to make this man rough deprived of any intellectual faculty, the multiplication of the discoveries makes it possible today to draw up very an other portrait of Néandertalien.

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