Pablo Neruda

Biography

His/her mother, teacher, die one month after her birth. His/her father will remariera himself in 1906. Its first training is nature My childhood, they are wet shoes, broken trunks/Tombés in the jungle, decorated by the lianas. It is the discovery of the world of the wind and the foliage.

Of 1910 with 1920, it attended the college for boys of Temuco in Chile. In thirteen years already, it publishes its first poems and texts in prose. Starting from 1921, it studies the language and the French literature with Santiago and pedagogy. It chooses its pseudonym in homage to the Czech poet Jan Neruda (1834 - 1891), and wants to become French professor. It is very quickly made a fame with its publications and of the recitals of poetry.

In nineteen years, it publishes its first book Crepusculario (Twilight). Follows, one year later, Veinte poemas of amor there una canción desesperada (Twenty Poems of love and a desperate song).

In 1927, Neruda enters to the diplomatic service. He becomes consul with Rangoon, Colombo, Batavia, Calcutta, Buenos Aires. In 1932, it returns to Chile, in 1933, it publishes Residencia in will tierra (Residence on the Earth). Starting from 1935, he is consul in Spain where he maintains the friendly relations with Federico García Lorca which he had known in Buenos Aires and which will have a determining influence on its life and its work, but also with Rafael Alberti and Jorge Guillén. After the fascistic putsch of Free of the July 18th and the assassination of García Lorca, Neruda is made lawyer of the Spanish Republic. He is revoked as consul and begins España in el corazón (Spain in the middle) which he publishes in 1937 and in which he crosses a decisive step in his step. Its song, of dark and solitary, becomes interdependent and acting (Jean-Paul Vidal). The same year, it founds the Comité Spanish-American for the support for Spain and the Alliance of the Chilean intellectuals for the defense of the culture . It goes on journeys to the Mexico, Cuba and the Peru. He visits the fortress INCA of Machu Picchu. In 1945, it is elected with the Senate and becomes member of the Chilean Communist party.

In 1946, Neruda directs the electoral campaign of González Videla which, after its election as president, will prove to be a dictator savagely anticommunist. The poet reacts by a speech to the senate carrying celebrates it title of Emile Zola: I show! It can hardly escape its arrest and takes refuge abroad. Its exile in Europe leads it in the USSR, in Poland, Hungary, Italy. He will also visit the India and the Mexico. It is there that in 1950 will appear its Canto General (General Song), written in clandestinity. Work is immediately prohibited in Chile.

In 1949, Neruda became member of the World council of Peace to Paris, in 1955, he obtains, together with Pablo Picasso, the International prize of peace and in 1953, the Prix Stalin international for peace. It meets the woman of its life, Matilde Urrutia which inspires it for poems of love of one fulgurating beauty Cien sonetos of amor (the Hundred Love). Of return to Chile in 1952, it publishes in 1954 the elementary Odes . In 1957, he becomes president of the Union of the Chilean writers, the following year he publishes: Extravagario (Vaguedivague). This same year, just like in 1964, it supports fully the electoral campaign of Salvador Allende Goossens like candidate with the presidency of the Republic. It was at this period one of the targets of the Congrès for the freedom of the culture, organization religious founded Anticommuniste in 1950. In 1964, Neruda publishes Memorial of Isla Negra , the return on its past and its dream of a more fraternal humanity. In 1965, it is named Doctor honoris causa of the Université of Oxford.

Its only play: Fulgor muerte of Joaquín Murrieta (Splendor and Died of Joaquín Murrieta) is created there in 1967. Neruda publishes, back-to-back, Barkarole (the Barcarolle), Las manos LED dia (hands of the day) and Arte of pájaros (the Art of the Birds). In 1969, the Communist party designates it as candidate with the presidential elections, but Neruda gives up in favor of Allende like one applicant of Unidad Popular. After the election of Allende, Neruda accepts the post of ambassador in France where it will meet Mikis Theodorakis and where it will publish the espada encendida (the sword in flames) and Las will piedras LED cielo (stones of the sky), books, in which its meditation on solidarity necessary and the silence of the world, reached its most intense expression.

The October 21st 1971, Pablo Neruda obtains, after Gabriela Mistral in 1945 and Miguel Ángel Asturias in 1967, like third writer of Latin America, the Nobel Prize of literature. In 1972, it goes back to Chile and is triumphantly accommodated at the stage of Santiago. Neruda writes Incitación Al Nixoncidio there elogio of the revolución (Incentive with the nixoncide and praise of the revolution).

The Coup d'etat of September 11th, 1973 in Chile shift the elected president, Salvador Allende. The house of Neruda to Santiago is ransacked and its books are thrown to roughing-hew. The poet and politician die the September 23rd 1973 of a cancer of the pancreas, with the Private clinic Santa Maria of Santiago. Its burial becomes, in spite of an alarming police surveillance, a protest demonstration against military terror. In 1974, the Autobiographie of Neruda Confieso that He vivido ( I acknowledge that I lived ), appears on a purely posthumous basis, extracted:

<< I want to live in a country where there is no excommuniés.
I want to live in a world where the beings will be only human, without other titles that this one, without being obsessed by a rule, a word, a étiquette.
I want that one can enter all the churches, in all the imprimeries.
I want that one awaits never again nobody with the door of a town hall to stop it, for the expulser.
I want that all enter and leave while smiling the mairie.
I do not want any more that whoever flees in gondole, that whoever is continued by motos.
I want that vast majority, it only majority: everyone, can speak, read, listen, open out. >>

Bibliography on Pablo Neruda

Books

J. Marcenac: Pablo Neruda, Seghers 1973
E. Rodriguez-Monegal: The motionless traveller, Gallimard, 1973
J. Marcenac and Claude Couffon, Seghers 2004: This work is the second that the collection “Poets of today” devotes to Pablo Neruda. The text of Jean Marcenac, many times republished between 1953 and 1976, is supplemented there by a study of Claude Couffon, translator and friend of the poet. The anthology gives to reading poems of youth recently put at the day and major works of Neruda: Twenty poems of love, a song despaired, Residence on the ground, worms of the Captain, the Hundred love , and the General Canto , main work of the Latin-American poetry of our time. (extracted the fourth of cover)
A. Skármeta: A Burning patience, Threshold/Items 1987. This novel tells the history of Mario Jimenez, a young factor residing on the black island, whose only customer is celebrates it Pablo Neruda. Mario will ask the poet to teach him poetry in order to allure beautiful Beatriz Gonzalez
Pablo Neruda, I acknowledge that I lived , Gallimard, 1987

Articles

Jean-Paul Vidal in: Large Encyclopedia Larousse (p.8472)
Josy Braun: Ein Krebsgeschwür das Junta heisst, in: Headlight /tageblatt (L), 29.9.1973
Guy Wagner: Auto-da-fe, ibid
Robert Gliedner: Der Tod Nerudas, in: Headlight, 8.10.73

Cinema

Philippe Noiret played Neruda in It Postino of Michael Radford: Card-index on IMDB

External bonds

mural Biography of Pablo Neruda
Pablo Neruda at 100 years
Pablo Neruda poem " Pido Silencio" in Santiago and Poèmes mural of Pablo Neruda in Lisbon (in)

Be-X-old: ПаблаНэруда Simple: Pablo Neruda Zh-min-nan: Pablo Neruda

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