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Keiretsu (系列), or zaki is a Japanese Terme indicating a whole of Entreprises, fields varied, maintaining between them the cross participations. Before the Years 1950, one spoke about Zaibatsu but these last were dismantled at the time of the period of Occupation of Japan, since their strong bonds with the Militarisme Japanese imperial, within a complex militaro-industrialist, had been shown.
The keiretsu are conglomerates, made of a multitude of various companies, generally dependant between them by financial bonds woven starting from a Banque. This bank has an important control on the companies of the keiretsu, acting like an entity of monitoring and a lender the short-term one. These groups have trading companies, the Sōgō shōsha , which prospect the worldwide markets. The keiretsu are based on networks of very dynamic SME, sub-contracting and sometimes family.
The keiretsu like Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Fujibank, Sanwa, Sumitomo, dynamic and powerful, form the spearhead of the Japanese economy. Three of these keiretsu produce 30% of GNP to the Japan.
The current keiretsu appeared during the Japanese Miracle, period of strong growth economic. The strong bonds which bind the companies are distended starting from the Années 1990, when the principal Japanese banks were confronted with the problems of doubtful debt. The fusion-acquisitions, hitherto very rare, started to become extensive.
In South Korea, the rather similar conglomerates bear the name of Chaebol .
See too
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