Périclès

Paul Nizan (February 7th 1905 with Turns - May 23rd 1940 with Audruicq) was a writer and Essayiste French.

Biography

Wire of an engineer of the railroads, Paul Nizan makes his studies in Paris with the Lycée Henri-Iv where it meets Jean-Paul Sartre in 1917. Raise National university in 1924, it becomes acquainted with Raymond Aron with which it binds friendship. Paul Nizan seeks his way, taking part in 1925 in the Faisceau of Georges Valois, first French fascistic party with the accents trade unionist-revolutionists. Then it leaves for Aden (Yemen) like tutor (1926 - 1927). A little later it becomes Communiste and Marie (1927). In 1929, it is received with the aggregation of philosophy.

In 1931, the publication of its first work, Aden Arabia (“I was twenty years old. I will not let anybody say that it is the most beautiful age of the life”) enables him to be made a name in the literary and intellectual circle. Appointed professor of philosophy to Borough-in-Bresse in 1932, it in addition aspires to a delegation like representative of the Communist party. The same year, it publishes the Watchdogs , reflection on the role of the philosophy which takes the form of a lampoon directed against its former Masters, Henri Bergson and Leon Brunschvicg in particular. In 1933, the publication of Antoine Bloyé at Grasset mark the first evocation by the author of the topic of the treason of class or how a man escapes his social condition and comes from there to betray its roots. The book is regarded by the critic as the first French novel arising from “socialist realism”. The following year, Paul and his wife, Henriette, remain one year in the USSR: it takes part in particular in the first congress of the Union of the Soviet writers and is seen also charged to organize the arrival of friendly writers (André Malraux, Louis Aragon, etc). Until 1939, the publications follow one another ( the Trojan horse , the Conspiracy - which is worth the Interallied Prix to him) as well as the contributions to various reviews and newspapers of communist obedience. Thus between 1935 and 1937, writes it in Humanity then between 1937 and 1939, in the daily newspaper This evening which supports the Spanish republicans. It writes in particular articles on the foreign politics and of the literary critics.

In 1939, it denounces the signature of the Pacte germano-Soviet which it sees like an alliance between Nazis and Communists and breaks with PCF.

It is killed at the beginning of the Second world war, at the time of the German offensive against Dunkirk, the May 23rd 1940. Its last manuscript was not found.

After its rupture with the French Communist party, from many and violent criticisms emanated from the party of Maurice Thorez: as of March 1940, this last signed in the newspaper Die Welt (German edition of the body of the Third International) an article entitled “the traitors with the pilori”, and qualified Nizan “of policeman. ” During the Occupation, a clandestine communist text evoked the “Nizan police officer pareillement. ” The offensive still developed after the war, and Louis Aragon in particular took an active part in the marginalisation of Nizan by in particular publishing the Communists (1949), novel in which Nizan appears as a traitor through the Orfilat police officer. It is the republication into 1960 of Aden Arabia with the famous foreword of Jean-Paul Sartre which allowed the rehabilitation of the writer. Aragon removed the character of its book in 1966 for the republication of the Communists .
At the end of the Years 1970, PCF undertook to challenge the charges which it had carried against Nizan.

Works

Aden Arabia . Paris, Rieder, 1931 - republication Maspero, 1960 with a foreword of Jean-Paul Sartre
the Watchdogs . Paris, Rieder, 1932 - republication Maspero 1969, republication with a foreword of Serge Halimi, Agonic, 1998. ISBN 2-910846-09-1
Antoine Bloyé . Paris, Grasset, 1933
Translation of tragic America of Theodor Dreiser. Paris, Rieder, 1933
Translation of Soviets in the world businesses of Louis Fisher. Paris, Gallimard, 1933
Choice of the philosophical texts for selected Pieces of Marx presented by Henri Lefebvre and Norbert Guterman. Paris, Gallimard, 1934
the Trojan horse . Paris, Gallimard, 1935
Materialists of Antiquity , choice of texts and foreword. Paris: International Social editions, 1936 - republication Maspero 1968
Foreword of Nationalism against the nations of Henri Lefebvre. Paris, International Social Editions, 1937
Translation and adaptation of the Acharniens of Aristophane. Paris, International Social Editions, 1937
the Conspiracy . Paris, Gallimard, 1938 Chronic
of September. Paris, Gallimard, 1939
Lament of the medical student who dissected his boyfriend by smoking two packages of Maryland and Hécate or the sentimental mistake . (Two texts of 1924 published in the Review without title.)
Paul Nizan, communist intellectual. Articles and correspondence 1926-1940 presented by Jean-Jacques Brochier, Paris, Maspero, 1967
For a new culture , articles of Nizan joined together and presented by Susan Suleiman. Paris, Grasset, 1971

External bonds

the G.I.E.N. (Interdisciplinary Group of studies nizaniennes) publishes bibliographical bulletins as well as a review, Aden , and organizes conferences on the writer.

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