Ource

The Ource is a French Rivière, one of the first affluents of Right Bank of the the Seine in its higher course. Its name would have Gallic origins, the term Aturicos , composed of atur (river) + - icos (diminutive suffix), meaning small river .

Geography

The river takes its source close to Poinson-lès-Grancey in Haute-Marne, with the limits of the Coast-with Or, in the buttresses of the Plateau of Langres, at an altitude from approximately 420 Mr. His source is located in the alignment of those of the the Seine and the Aube which frame it, and more far from the Marne. Its deep valley, narrow, notch the Plate of Langres, then the coral coast and goes down in 100 kilometers until its junction, not very front the Bar-on-Seine.

With height of the village of Belan-on-Ource, Ource bores the calcareous coast of the Châtillonais and offers a picturesque site. The village is framed rock escarpments some 30 height meters, covers of wood of Chêne S and of Hêtre S, whereas the river, with which the course is strewn with islands, is marked by lines of Saule S and of Peuplier S. This place is caractéristque landscapes of the Burgundian high plateaus, at the same time austere and resting.

Catchment area and affluents

In spite of its course of 100 kilometers, the catchment area of Ource, which recovers grounds of the Jurassic average and higher, is modest (736 km ²). The weakness of the tributary network limits the discharge of river to 8,6 m ² /s at the time of its junction with the the Seine. Surface thus studied there is of 730 km ², that is to say it quasi totality of the catchment area of the river which makes 736 of them.

The interannual medium flow or module of the river with That-on-Ource is of 8,54 m ³ a second.

Ource presents seasonal fluctuations of flow marked well, like very often in the area. The high waters are held in winter and at the beginning of spring, and are characterized by average monthly flows going from 11,6 to 18,4 m ³ a second, from December to April included (with a maximum very Net in February). From March however, flow decreases somewhat and this fall accelerates in May and in June, which leads to the low waters of summer which take place from July to September, accompanied by a fall of the average flow monthly with, respectively, 3,12 then 1,9 and 2,06 for these three months, flows monthly which remain rather consistent. But they are there only averages, which occult fluctuations much more marked over short periods or according to the years.

With the low water levels, the VCN3 can fall until 0,220 m ³ a second (220 liters), in the event of dry period quinquennial, which can be regarded as severe enough for a river of this size. But this fact is frequent among the rivers of the area and of all is basin of the Seine (see note).

In addition, the risings can be important, taking into account the size of the catchment area. The QIX 2 and QIX 5 are worth respectively 50 and 72 m ³ a second. The QIX 10 or calculated flow of decennial rising is of 86 m ³ a second, the QIX 20 of 100 m ³, while the QIX 50 is assembled to step less than 120 m ³ a second (see note). They are there flows of raw almost as high as those of the Eure with Louviers, at the end of the course, whereas this important river has a medium flow (module) of more than 26 m ³ a second, and has a basin of almost 6  000 km ².

The maximum instantaneous flow recorded with That-on-Ource during this 26 years period, was of 89,1 m ³ a second on January 2nd, 1991, while the value maximum day laborer was of 88,7 m ³ a second the same day. If one compares the first of these values on a QIX scale of the river, one notes that this rising was of a decennial nature, and thus intended to repeat on average the every approximately 10-12 years.

Ource is a rather abundant river, well supplied with high precipitations falling especially on the upper part of its basin. The Lame of water past in its catchment area is of 371 millimetres annually, which is definitely higher than the overall average of France, and also to the average of the basin of the the Seine (more or less 240 millimetres). The specific Flow (or Qsp) consequently reached the solid figure of 11,7 liters a second and per square kilometer of basin.

The valley of Ource

The valley of Ource, in its downstream part, belongs to the Côte of the Bars, the southernmost part of the vineyards of Champagne, to a hundred kilometers in the south-east of Épernay. In fact the Romains, after the conquest of the Gaulle, introduced the Vigne into the valleys of the High-Seine and of its affluents whose productions were marketed in many provinces of the Empire, in Rome particularly. After the decline of the Early middle ages, the vineyard knew a rebirth, at the 12th century, thanks to the construction of the Cistercian abbey of Mores close to That-on-Ource. In the middle of the 13th century intervened a decisive event: Thibaut IV, Count de Champagne, brought back Cyprus a Cépage which it associated with a local variety, to give the Chardonnay allowing making of wines of quality. However, this production was threatened by the crisis of will phylloxéra which devastated the vineyards of the Paddle at the beginning of. The Côte of the Bars lost its name Champagne in 1908 and definitively did not find it, after a long punctuated fight of demonstrations, confrontations reaching their apogee in 1911, that in 1927. The peace of the valley of Ource was worth to him to attract, at the end of the 19th century, one of the most famous representatives of the impressionist school . Indeed, in 1895, Auguste Renoir (1841 - 1919) settled with Essoyes (birthplace of Aline Charigot become its model and its second wife), street the extra one, arranging its workshop in the garden of the family residence. Even if the painter did not reside permanently in the village, the quiet landscapes of Ource, the particular luminosity of the valley caused inspiration for some of its large fabrics: the washerwomen , the commercial one of apples , the washing machine and his/her child , the deadened bather , Mrs Renoir with the garden …

Departments and communes crossed

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