Osman 1st (Turkish: Sultan Osman Gazi rahimahou llah) (Osman deformation of the Arab : عُثمَان `uθmān, `Uthman ) (Turkish: gazi, triumphant victor; combatant of the faith ) was born in 1258 in Sogut (Turkish: Söğüt). He is the son of Ertugrul and in 1281 succeeded to him. It is him which gives its name to the Othoman dynasty (Turkish: Osmanlı). He died in 1326 of a crisis of drop with Bursa.

He had two wives, a girl and seven wire: Pazarli, Coban, Hamit, Orhan, Alaeddin, Ali, Melik, Savci. It sometimes happened to him to give its clothing to poor after to have carried them only one day.

History

In a village close to Sogut, there was a Moslem cadi called Edebali which had a girl, Malkhatun, which Osman had required in marriage. But the Sheik Edebali, refused during two years to give him his daughter. Osman had a dream and required of the sheik to explain it to him. Edebali interpreted this dream like a divine message enjoignant to him to give his/her daughter in marriage to Osman, and that the Moslem faith would leave there triumphing. Alaeddin was the fruit of this marriage.

Between 1290 and 1300 Osman started to attack its neighbors and to take their fortresses. At this time there it carries the title of Bey and sultanate seldjoukide is only one vassal. It aggrandit thus its field until being close to the Byzantine . Of four hundred soldiers at the beginning of reign it arrived at four thousand and one started to hear of the Othomans.

Osman started the combat against the Byzantine Empire, carrying out a true “holy war” as implies it the family nickname of “Gazi”. After having conquered the castle of Bilecik, the sultan seldjoukide of Anatolia (or sultan of Roum) gives to him a standard, a drum and a caparaçon like badges of his capacity. Osman proclaims sultan in 1299. One gave him the name of “Kara Osman Bey” (Turkish: , will kara black ) because of its courage. The prayers of Friday are not done any more but on its behalf and it makes beat currency. It names top dog his Alaeddin son and raises a tax of a Akçe. It with this intention created a new imitated monetary unit of a silver coin of use in the Byzantine emperors of Trébizonde. This personal tax is an innovation, therefore nonin conformity with Moslem orthodoxy.

It increased the size of its consulate to Iznik and Brousse.

With its death in 1326, Osman did not leave almost anything, having lived poorly, his/her Ohran son succeeded to him. Each time a new sultan reached the throne, the people shouted “Can it be as tall as Osman! ”

Its will

This will, addressed to his/her son Orhan gives the political program of the future Othoman State.

Wire!
- Care of the religious affairs Takes before all other to have. The precepts of the religion build a state fort.
- Does not allot the religious affairs to a negligent, incroyant or sinning man or with inattentive, indifferent or inexperienced people. And the administration with such people does not leave. That which does not fear God does not fear the créatures.
- That which makes a great sin and continuous to make it cannot be loyal.
- That which wants to have a honest servant is itself faithful; it observes the commands of the prophet and does not leave the Charia. Avoid cruelty and the superstitions.
- Dislocates the people who encourage cruelty and the superstitions in our état.
- The primary reason is that these people would cause your decline. Always the State by the Djihad increases, because if one remains too a long time without leaving to shift, the bravery of the soldiers as well as the knowledge, the information and the provisions taken by the commanders undergo a weakening and a deterioration. People who know the war well die while others without experiment replace them. It follows much of errors which put at evil État.
- Preserves Beytul Mal (of Arabic: rear bayt Al-māl RTL بَيْتالمال, house of the currency; Treasury ). Try to increase the reserves of État.
- Is satisfied with what you have and does not waste, do not destroy unnecessarily if not by need or nécessité.
- Is not proud of your soldiers and your goods, because they are the means of serving the people as a whole and of extending justice and the virtue in the world on the way of Dieu.
- The servant Protects from the State which works for the grace of God. After its death, takes care of its family and provide for their needs. Do not increase your public goods by the violence.
- Tighten a helping hand with poor and preserves their close relations of the malheur.
- Protects the best officers, students, men of virtue, artists, writers who are the force of the capacity of the State. Draft them with kindness and honors these men. If you heard of a virtuous man, enter in close relation with him, give him goods and gratifie it. In your State, the number of educated, virtuous and erudite men augmentera.
- Mets of the order in the religious affairs and the State. Take model on me, I started like a weak commander and I succeeded with the assistance of God although I did not deserve it. You will go on my way and will protect the religion from Mohammed and the believers, your successors will make in the same way.
- The justice of God and his servants Respects. Do not hesitate to advise your successors to continue this route.
- Solicits the assistance of God in your estimates of justice and of equity, to remove cruelty, tests all the moyens.
- Your people Protect from the attacks of the enemies and the cruauté.
- Does not behave with anybody incorrect manner or inéquitable.
- The people Satisfy and protect all that he likes.