Orthopoxvirose

The orthopoxvirose simienne or Monkey Pox is a Zoonose sporadic due to a Orthopoxvirus which prevails in the center of tropical Africa. The virus enzootic in the ombrophilous forests of central and Western Africa can be transmitted to the man, causing a syndrome whose clinical demonstrations are similar to those of variola (pustuleuse eruption, respiratory Fièvre, symptoms resulting in death sometimes). The disease is serious: 1 to 10% of the patients dies about it in Africa). It can be confused with variola, and the clinical differential diagnosis does not exist. Only the analysis in laboratory can confirm Monkey pox.

It is supposed that the transmission is done by direct contact or indirect with wild rodents.

The first human cases have were described in 1970 in DRC. The number of cases and epidemic seems to increase in Africa since 2000, probably with the interruption of the antivariolar vaccination which ensured a crossed protection against Monkey Pox.

CIM-10: B04.

Tank known:

Rodent S, squirrel S, Primate S, etc

Zone of Prevalence/endemism:

Central Africa and of the West (in particular Democratic republic of Congo ).

Transmission interhumaine:

It éétait presumedly rare, but the recent epidemiologic data suggest that they are more important reality:

At the time of the epidemic which prevailed in DRC in 1996 and 1997,28% of people in direct contact with a patient during his incubation period was touched. And in 2003, up to 6 " generations of transmission interhumaine" were shown.

incubation:

1 to 3 weeks.

vaccination

The smallpox vaccine allows a protection crossed in 85% of the cases, it allows a vaccination post-exposure.

The majority of the described epidemics were it as a Democratic republic of Congo (RDC) where hearths are born regularly since the years 1980 with; a first case in 1970 (1 patient) in the area of Ecuador, an epidemic (41 patients) in 1971-1980, and another (338 patients) in 1986.
Toujours in DRC, Kasaï Oriental (area of Sankuru & Lodja) was touched in 1996-1997 with 519 patients, then in 1999 in the area of Mbuji-Mayi with 315 patients, before a new epidemic in 2005 (area of Kabinda where 311 people fell sick. 18 patients were announced there in the area of Kisangani in 2006.
L' Ecuador announced 23 patient in 2001. and 293 in 2002

In Congo (Brazzaville); 12 patients (of which 4 confirmed) were declared, with Impfondo, Région Likouala, close to the border with the DRC). Almost always, the patient had passed by the hospital of Impfondo. 6 generations of transmission interhumaine were proven in this country.

In the South Sudan: the first 19 patients were declared in the area of Bentiu (Unity Province)

The other sporadically touched African Countries are: Cameroun, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Nigeria, Liberia, Central African Republic and Sierra Leone, which knew some cases in the years 1990.

With the the United States, an epidemic of Monkey Pox took place in 2003, the only known one out of Africa. According to CDC, on July 8th, 2003, 71 cases (of which 35 confirmed) related to 6 states; Wisconsin (39 cases), Indiana (16 case), Illinois (12 cases), Missouri (2 cases), Kansas (1 case), Ohio (1 case)]. The origin of these viruses could be rats of Gambia imported Ghana, which would have contaminated dogs of meadow, in animaleries before the sold latter as NAC (new pets) does not contaminate their owners.

In 2007

Semi-2007, of the epidemics had still prevailed in Congo Brazaville in area of Likouala already touched in 2003 (north is Country - frontier of the DRC), of June 2007 to the end of August 2007, with almost 80 human cases.

• The clinical similarities of Monkey-Pox and variola as well as the difficulties related to the biological diagnosis could delay the detection of a resurgence of variola.

See too

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