Orleans

Orleans is a common French, located in the department of the Loiret and the area Center, of which it is the prefecture.

Its inhabitants is called Orléanais. The city belongs to a group of communes called Agglomération Orleans Loire Valley, said AgglO. The Agglomeration represents 22 communes for a total of: 275000 inhabitants.

Currency

Hoc vernant lilia cord (given by Louis XII, then duke of Orleans) “It is by this heart that the lilies flower” or “This heart makes flower the lilies”

Geography

General information

Orleans is located in the elbow Septentrional of the the Loire, which crosses it of is in west. Orleans belongs to the sector of the Loire Valley located between the Sully-on-Loire and the Chalonnes-on-Loire, which was classified in 2000 by UNESCO World heritage of humanity. Capital of the Orléanais, with 120 kilometers in the south-south-west of Paris, it is in northern edge of the the Sologne whose district of the Source forms part, and in southern edge of the Beauce and the Forêt of Orleans.

Five bridges allow the crossing of the river:

* Bridge of Europe
* Bridge of the Joffre Marshal (also called New bridge)
* George-V Bridge (also called Royal bridge), being used as passage with the tram
* Bridge Rene-Thinat
* Bridge of Vierzon (railway)

In the north of the Loire (Right Bank), is a small hillock (dimension 102 with the Georges-V bridge, dimension 110 in the place of Martroi) which goes up slightly until dimension 125 to the Fleury Cross, with the limit of Fleury-les-Aubrais.

Conversely, the south (left bank) presents light a depression around 95 m of altitude (in Saint-Marceau) between the Loire and Loiret. This sector is classified in floodplain. At the end of the Années 1960 was created the district Orleans-the-Source , with ten kilometers in the south of the city original, and separated from the latter by the Valley of Orleans and the river of the Loiret which takes its source in the Floral garden of the Source. The altitude of district is varied from 100 to approximately 110 m.

Orleans is a highway crossroads: indeed, it is almost touched by the A10 (connecting Paris to Bordeaux), and the A71 (of which the bridge on the the Loire is apart from the limits of the commune) there begins, going towards the the Mediterranean, via Clermont-Ferrand where it becomes A75.

The Loire and navigation

On the level of the city, the Loire is separate longitudinally in Grande the Loire in north, formerly navigable, and in Petite the Loire in the south by a Digue sinkable, called the dhuis . This dam is integrated in a vaster whole of installations allowing the navigation of the Marine of the Loire.

Formerly important axis of navigation and goods transport, the Loire is not navigable any more today for the largest boats only in its estuary, until Nantes approximately.

The boats were traditionally flat-bottomed, with a mainmast (to take the wind above the banks) retractable (to pass under the bridges): gabarre, futreau…. The latter, at tourist ends, are always visible close to the Royal bridge.

The irregular flow of the river strongly limited circulation, in particular the increase of this one, which could be however helped by the Halage of the ships.

A paddle boat of the “Non-explosible” type ordered by the town hall, is installed with quay in the month of August 2007. It accommodates a bar, and is located vis-a-vis the place of the Loire.

Every two years, the Festival of the Loire points out the part played by the river in the history of the City.

Brings together itself there, northern bank of the river, close to the center town, the Canal of Orleans, which joined Montargis but which is not any more in activity in its totality. Its way orléanais is parallel to the river, separated from this last by a low wall, place of walk. Its last level had been transformed into external swimming pool in the years 1960, then filled. It was réouvert in 2007 for the festivals of the Loire, with an aim of making it live again by installing a marina there.

History

General information

See also: Cenabum, History of Orleans

Cenabum was a fortified town Gallic, one of the principal cities of the tribe of the Carnute S whose annual meeting of the Druide S remained famous. It was conquered and destroyed by César in 52 av. J. - C., then rebuilt with the Roman . The Roman Emperor Aurélien refondé the city, it was named quoted of Aurélien then simply Orleans by simplification and phonetic evolution. For a development on the exact etymology of this name, to also see Cenabum, Aurelianis, Orleans of Jacques Debal (coll Galliae civitates, Lyon, SWEATER, 1996).

Accompanied by the Vandals, the Alains cross the the Loire in 408. One their groups, directed by Goar agrees to join the Roman armed forces . Aetius installs it on the the Loire and in Orleans. But these Alains, turbulent, is very badly perceived by the autochtones. One day, estimating not to be paid rather quickly or sufficiently, they do not hesitate to kill out of the senators d' Orléans.

In Orleans always, under the king Sangiban, the Alains unite with the forces of Aetius which are opposed to Attila which had invaded the Gaulle in 451 and take share with the Bataille of the Fields Catalauniques. A hundred localities of the Orléanais remember the installation of these people: Allaines, Allainville, Alaincourt, etc

At the time mérovingienne Orleans was the capital of the Royaume of Orleans following the division of the Kingdom of Clovis Ier.

At the time capétienne, Orleans was the capital of a county then of a duchy held in Apanage by the house of Valois-Orleans. The family of Valois-Orleans will reach the throne of France by Louis XII then François I {{er}}.

In 1108, Louis VI the Large is crowned in the cathedral of Orleans by the archbishop of Sens. It is about one of the rare sacrings Capétiens not having taken place with Rheims.

The city was always a strategic point of passage of the Loire because it is located on the point of the river more at north, therefore closest to Paris. However the bridges were rare and the dangerous Loire. With the Middle Ages Orleans is one of the three richest cities of France with Rouen and Paris.

On southern bank a châtelet known as “of the Turrets” protected the access to the bridge. It is there that had place the battle which made it possible Jeanne d' Arc to enter the released city the May 8th 1429, helped of the large generals of the kingdom, Dunois and Florent of Illiers ( to see the article Siège of Orleans ). The inhabitants consequently dedicated an admiration and a fidelity to him who last still today. They named it “the Maid of Orleans” and offered to him a middle-class house in the city. They also took part in the ransom to deliver it when this one was done captive, but in vain because the Dolphin become King thanks to it kept the money for him and Jeanne was not released.

Once the One hundred Year old war finished, the city covered its prosperity. The bridge brought back to him the money of the taxes as well as the economic attractivity of the tradesmen of passage. The king Louis XI largely contributed to his prosperity. He instigated the agriculture of the Orléanais. The exceptional grounds of the Beauce support the cultures. It started again the culture of the saffron with Pithiviers. Later with the Renaissance the city profited from the passages of the rich person lords of the manor going in the valley-of-Loire become very with the mode, to even begin with the king him, Chambord, Amboise, Blois, Chenonceau being royal fields.

The Université of Orleans also contributed to the prestige of the city. Specialized in the right, it was famous in all Europe. Jean Calvin there was accepted and lodged. He wrote there part of his theses reformists. In thanks of this protection, the king of England Henry VIII, inspired of the thoughts of the reformer for the Religion Anglican, offered a purse to the University. The city sheltered many Protestants.

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, more known under the pseudonym of Molière, came to study the right also there to him, but it took part in the carnival however prohibited by the nonlaic rules of the University and for that was returned of the establishment.

December 13rd 1560 with the January 31st 1561, the General states were joined together there. It was at that time that the king François II died, the oldest son of Catherine de Médicis and of Henri II, the December 5th 1560 in the Groslot Hotel, has its dimensions his wife Marie Stuart.

The cathedral was several times rebuilt. The last version saw its first stone posed by Henri IV, and work was spread out over one century, thus offering a mixture of fine style Rebirth and time Louis XIV. It is one of the last cathedrals built in France and not of the least spectacular.

When France colonizes America, its conquered territory is immense, all the Mississippi river, baptized Colbert river, of the mouth until its source at the borders of Canada. It will be the Louisiana. The capital is named La Nouvelle-Orléans in the honor of the regent of Louis XV, the duke of Orleans. It is populated of: 8000 French and driven out Cajuns the North-East by the British troops .

The dukes of Orleans almost never came in their city. As brothers or cousins of the king, they belonged to its Court and on little the occasion to leave it. Officially their castle was that of Blois. The duchy of Orleans was vastest of all. It began with Arpajon, continued with Chartres, Vendôme, Blois, Vierzon, Montargis. The son of the duke carried the title of duke of Chartres. The heritages of big families and the marriages theirs made it possible to accumulate a colossal richness. One said Philippe Égalité which he was the richest man of the world. His/her son Louis-Philippe Ier accepted in heritage fortunes of Penthièvres and the Cops.

1852 it is the creation of the railway Companies Paris-Orleans and its famous Gare of Orsay.

At the time of the war against the Prussians in 1870, the city is still presented in the form of an strategic issue geographically. The October 13rd 1870, the city is occupied by the Prussians. The army of the Loire is made up under the orders of the general of Aurelle de Paladines and is based in Beauce near the city ( to see the article Bataille of Orleans ).

During the second world war, the Nazis make station of Orleans Fleury-les-Aubrais a central station for their railway logistics. The bridge Georges V is renamed “bridge of the Turrets”. A camp of transit on the way of the deportation is built with Beaune-the-Rolande. With the Release, the United States Air Force intensely bombards the city and the station. The damage is very important. The rebuildings of the post-war period made him lose its middle-class and eclectic elegance, although the street Royale and its arcades were rebuilt with the identical one.

The big city of formerly is a medium-sized city today of: 250000 inhabitants with his agglomeration. It knew once more to benefit from its strategic position to attract many companies interested by the reduction of the costs of transport which a city offers to the center of France located at less than one hour of the capital.

Blazons

  • Blazon of mouths, with three stones in heart of lily of money, two and one, with the Chief of azure, charged with three flowers of lily of Gold. (Victor Malta-Brown Adolphe, in Illustrated France , 1882). One can notice that the term cayeux sometimes used could indicate, in addition to stones, bulbs (of Lys?).

  • Blazon of mouths with three flowers of lily of money, with the chief of azure charged with three flowers of lily of Gold. ( Large encyclopedic Larousse in 10 volumes, 163 - to note that the engraving which accompanies this blazon shows as for it three hearts of lily - seen tops)
This heart of lily would be, then, not that of a true Lys, the lily having 6 tepals, but a hypothetical sight of top of the piece of furniture Fleur of lily. Certain authors regulate the problem while speaking about Tiercefeuille S.

The description of the blazon would become then: Blazon of mouths, to three money tiercefeuilles, two and one, with the Chief of azure, charged with three flowers of lily of Gold.

Districts

*Bourgogne - Republic, in the center town;

*Carmes - Bannier, in the west of the center town, smallest;
*Saint-Marc - Suburb Southern Burgundy and Argonne, in the east of the center town;
*La Saint-Marc Barrier - the Fountain, with the North-East, less populated (census 1999);
*Argonne - Nécotin - Belneuf, in the North-East;
*Gare - Pasteur - Saint-Vincent, in north;
*Acacias - Blossières - Murlins, in north;
*Châteaudun - Bannier suburb, in the North-West;
*Madeleine, in the west;
*Saint-Marceau, in the south of the Loire;
* the Source, more with the south, more populated and vastest.

Demography

  • Population intramuros: : 113126 inhabitants

  • Population in the Agglomeration: : 275000 inhabitants
  • Population in the urban Surface 1999: : 355811 inhabitants

It is it thirty-and-unième town of France by its population.

Evolutation of the population. Source INSEE.

Economy

Orleans is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Loiret. It manages Arboria, the wearing of Orleans and the marina of Briare as well as the CFSA.

Media

  • Télévision
    • France 3 Centers;
    • France 3 Orleans Loiret;
    • Orleans TV, chain launched at the beginning of 2007 on the terrestrial network initially;
  • Radio
    • Vibration, station of the group orléanais Start which in addition holds Forum or of the radios like Black Box, Alouette FM, Southern Radio…
    • Forum
    • NRJ Orleans
    • Nostalgie Orleans
    • France Blue Orleans
    • Radio Campus, station of the university campus
    • RCF Saint Aignan
    • WebRadio Heaven
  • Presse
    • the Republic of the Center, whose seat of the drafting is in Orleans and who has several local editions, of which that of Orleans.

Transport

Urban transport

The urban transport of the agglomeration orléanaise is ensured by the company SETAO (under trade name SEMTAO).

Orleans is equipped since the November 20th 2000 (date of inauguration) with a first line with tram (with North-South axis: Ligne has tram of Orleans). The project of a second line (East-West) was validated there is little, and should be developed during the interval 2007 - 2010.

A service of hiring of bicycles by terminals, is gradually set up since June 2007. AgglO counts 28 stations Vélo'+. Orleans is thus the third French city to have this service type after Lyon and Rennes.

Some key figures:

  • 22 served communes
  • 30 lines of bus, including 3 shuttles and 8 control lines to the request
  • 1 line tram
  • 201 buses
  • 22 oars of tram
  • : 1330 stagnation points
  • 23,4 million travellers
  • 11 million traversed kilometers
  • 684 people in term of manpower, including 474 drivers

Highways

  • General information
The town of Orleans is a crossroads of goods transport. It is crossed by 2 highways with strong traffic, the A10 which connects Paris, Tours and Bordeaux and the A71 which connects Orleans to Clermont-Ferrand. Near to Paris (one hour), that does of them one of the principal turntables of the goods traffic.

  • Under development

The A19 to allow an optimal connection with the east of Europe. The realization of a19 highway will make it possible to connect, on approximately 100 km, the highway A10 (Paris-Orleans) on the level of Artenay in the north of Orleans, with the highway A6 (Paris-Auxerre-Beaune).

Five great branches of industry

* Data-processing - electronic - Instrumentation

* Pharmacy

1st pharmaceutical pole of France with 70% of the national production. A drug on two is produced in Center area. Orleans accommodates in particular:
* Servier, Sanofi, Famar France, McNeil (European site of production forms liquid)
* the molecular center of biophysics
* the institute of organic chemistry and analytical.

* Cosmetic

2nd area for the cosmetic and the perfumes around Orleans, Chartres and Dreux; “Cosmetic Valley”. national pole of competitiveness. The city accommodates in particular Dior (: 1500 employment), Geymey (550 employment), Shisheido (530 employment), Sephora, Caudalie.

* Transport - Logistic

3rd logistic platform of France, Orleans, larger employer of the die, with: 9000 paid. 406 companies or specialized establishments in conditioning, storage, transport: Which, Deret, TNT, Norbert Dentressangle, Premium logistic, logistic Hays, Stockalliance, Giraud, Calberson, BeBloom .com, Amazon.fr…

* Environment

Administration

Cantonal division

Orleans is currently divided into 6 cantons:

* Canton of Orleans-Bannier account: 19656 inhabitants;

* Canton of Orleans-Burgundy account: 17031 inhabitants;
* Canton of Orleans-Carmelite friars account: 17932 inhabitants;
* Canton of Orleans it Source account: 21370 inhabitants;
* Canton of Orleans-Saint-Marc-Argonne account: 17701 inhabitants;
* Canton of Orleans-Saint-Marceau account: 19436 inhabitants.

Previously, the commune was divided between 5 cantons, removed on a not yet identified date (years 1970?) :

* old Canton of Orleans-Is : part of the commune;

* old Canton of Orleans-West : part of the commune;
* old Canton of Orleans-North-Is : part of the commune and 9 communes;
* old Canton of Orleans-North-West : part of the commune and 8 communes;
* old Canton of Orleans-South : part of the commune and 6 communes;

Famous characters

  • Etienne Dolet (1509-1546);
  • François II, king de France dies there in 1560;
  • Florent Chrestien (1541-1596), writer;
  • Isaac Jogues (1607-1646), missionary;
  • Nicolas Amelot of Houssaye (1634-1706), historian;
  • Thémiseul of Saint-Hyacinthe (1684-1746), writer;
  • Robert-Joseph Pothier (1699-1772), lawyer;
  • Daniel Jousse (1704-1781), lawyer, was born there, taught there and there is deceased;
  • Thomas-Aignan Desfriches (1715-1800), French draftsman;
  • Christophe Moyreau, musician of the 18th century;
  • Stanislas Julien (1799-1873), writer;
  • Charles Lassailly (1806-1843), romantic writer;
  • François Marie Leon Anselme (1809-1867), general French;
  • Alexandre Antigna (1817-1878): realistic painter born in Orleans, in the wake of Billhook. A dozen fabrics of this artist are exposed to the museum of the Art schools of Orleans, whose " celebrates it; Incendie". With the Museum of Orsay: " Eclair" and " The Festival-Dieu". Antigna is also represented in many museums of province, like abroad, in particular collections.
  • Charles Barbara (1817-1866), writer;
  • Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) there worked and discovered the bacterium allowing the vinegar formation starting from the wine. It presented its work in 1867, in the room from the Institute in Orleans.
  • Alfred Cornu, born in Orleans in 1841, physicist;
  • Maurice Boutet de Monvel (1851-1913), painter and illustrator, was born there;
  • Gustave Lanson (1857-1934), critical arts person;
  • Henri Lavedan (1859-1940), journalist and dramatic author;
  • Georges Goyau (1869-1939), historian and essay writer;
  • Charles Péguy (1873-1914), writer;
  • Raoul Blanchard (1877-1965), geographer;
  • Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) there passed part of its childhood to 7, rue Tudelle;
  • Gaston Couté (1880-1911) there made his studies with the Pothier college and meets there its school-fellow Pierre Mac Orlan (1882-1970);
  • Jacques de Thézac (1862 - 1936), born with Orleans, founder of the shelters of the sailor ;
  • Rene Barthelemy, one of the inventors of television, studied with the Pothier college;
  • Georges Bataille (1897-1962) there worked several years as a conservative of the public library;
  • Edgar Puaud (1889 - 1945), born with Orleans, general;
  • Pierre Ségelle (1899 - 1960), Minister for Health in the provisional government (1946-1967), Minister for Labor during the creation of the SMIG (1949-1950), mayor of Orleans (1954-1959);
  • Robert Bothereau (1901-1985), future secretary of Working force between 1948 and 1963, was the secretary of the labor market of Orleans.
  • Jean Zay (1904 - 1944), politician, national Minister for the education of the popular front;
  • Rene Berthelot (1903-1999), Directing Fee of the academy of Orleans
  • Roger Toulouse, painter, born in 1918 and died in 1994 in Orleans.
  • Erick Zonca (1956 -) realizer born in Orleans
  • Michel Vuillermoz, actor, was born there in 1963.
  • Veronique People, professional singer, was born there in 1966.
  • Yann Moix (1968 -) writer and realizer having grown in Orleans
  • Vahina Giocante, French actress born on June 30th 1981 in Orleans
  • Jean-Marie Lustiger was évèque of Orleans between 1979 and 1981.
  • the actress Marion Cotillard, raises with the Voltaire College in Orleans - the Source.
  • Patrick Barul, professional footballer, born in Orleans in 1977.
  • Thoma Vuille, plastics technician, created there the Mr. Chat , effigy present in the form of tags on many walls orléanais and which essaimé internationally.
  • Bruno Germain, professional footballer, born in Orleans in 1960.

Tourist monuments and places

Although the city suffered much from the bombardments of the Second world war, of many buildings and old districts remained among more contemporary constructions.

Civil inheritance

  • Gallo-Roman Enceinte whose remainders are visible close to the northern Transept the cathedral (4th century);
While descending the street from the White Bumblebee, one can also see the remainders of the Gallo-Roman enclosure which is used as a basis for the old factory of vinegar, beside the Eiffel room.

  • the Hotel Groslot , built between 1550 and 1555 for Jacques Groslot, baillif of Orleans by Jacques Androuet of the Hoop. François II died there in 1560. Charles IX, Henri III and Henri IV remained there. The hotel was restored in 1850. The building, with a frontage decorated with a brick apparatus, shelters the town hall of Orleans since 1790 (current room of the marriages);

.

It is necessary to walk in the oldest districts of the city (around the street of Burgundy, to go down towards the Loire) to admire certain frontages of medieval architecture. In addition the frontages XIXe of the street of the Republic and the place of Martroi all were not destroyed during the war, even if one were to maintain them upright. They were preserved and renovated. For a few years, all the frontages of the city have been refreshed or are being it.

Religious heritage

  • the cathedral Holy Cross , built, it was destroyed by the Protestants during the wars of religion, it was rebuilt thanks to the support of Henri IV. It was completed at the beginning of the 19th century;
.

The zone of Orleans east includes/understands the parishes of Saint-Marc and Saint-Jean-Bosco. Only one parish of northern the Orleans zone is perforated on the territory of the commune: it is about Our-Lady-of-Consolation, attached to the parochial grouping of Fleury-les-Aubrais.

In the south of the Loire, the two parishes are Saint-Marceau for the district of the same name and Saint-Yves for the Source.

Other worships

The Church reformed of France has a temple in downtown area.

The vault of Campo-Santo is placed at the disposal of the orthodoxe parish of the Christ-Saver, who belongs to the Greek orthodoxe Métropole of France and thus to the orthodoxe Église of Constantinople.

Orleans has also a Synagog, installed in a vault depending formerly on évêché.

Gastronomy

  • Cotignac of Orleans (paste containing frozen of Coing), quoted by Rabelais and which is found on the tables of the Noces of Canaa , table of Paul Véronèse. It is presented in small cyclindric boxes out of wooden, called fripounes .

  • Vinegar: the increase of the Loire by futreaux, barges punts charged with wine barrels bound for the capital, was often difficult and random because of the variations of flows of the royal river. When the wine turned “sour”, one unloaded it in Orleans where was born thus a tradition vinaigrière whose most famous representative is the vinegar factory “ Martin Pouret ”, always in activity.

  • In 2006, several pastrycooks joined to create a new gastronomical speciality in order to give again seal at the city. Indeed, they created macaroons with the fruits of Orleans, available in several pastry makings, of the downtown area in particular.

To leave to Orleans

Festivals and demonstrations

  • the johannic Festivals , each at the beginning of May, remain the most important popular demonstration of Orleans.
  • Festival of the Saint-Hackney carriage , of the Saint-Marceau district built on old orchards and kitchen gardens, is held each year since 1806 (except during the two world wars) and honors, over three days (weekend nearest to the Saint Hackney carriage, at the end of August), the horticultural trades.
  • Festival of Saint-Aignan , in November, in the district of the same name, replaced starting from 2005 by a festival of music: the festival OF THROUGH .
  • Orléans' jazz is series of demonstrations musical during July since 1991.
  • international Contest of piano of the XXe century : created by Francoise Thinat in 1994 and being held every two years.
  • the Festival of the Loire gathers in September, every two years the odd years, an important shipping with demonstrations around this topic.
  • Great annual stock sale , traditionally at the end of July (except in 2005 and 2006 where it was held at the end of August).
  • Archilab , international meetings of architecture comprising various exposures and whose creation took place in 1999; it are held since every two years.
  • the Forum of the human rights (in the past Forum of the human rights), each re-entry, this forum makes it possible the population of Orléanais to exchange information, reflections and point of view where the human rights are ridiculed. The forum is held in the form of conference-debates, projections, workshops…

Cultural exits, concerts, cinemas, leisures

  • Theaters:
    • the Zenith of Orleans, general-purpose big room of spectacle being able to accommodate close to: 7000 people;
    • the Square Saint-Vincent made up of several rooms for the theater, the dance and the concerts;
    • the musical Institut of Orleans comprises a room of a little less than 400 places devoted to the Classical music.
    • the astrolabe is the concert hall headlight for the current musics in Orleans. Managed by rust-proof association, on behalf of the town of Orleans, the Astrolabe present from September on June an impressive sound panel. To accommodate the artists of Rock'n'roll, Electro, Pop, Worl Music, Hip Hop and others, but especially for the audience, 550 places are available in the Astrolabe and 180 places in Astroclub.
    • the theater Gerard Philippe with nearly 600 places, open in 1973 and renovated in 2006;
    • the theater of the park Pasteur , with nearly 100 places, devoted primarily to spectacles for children.

  • cinemas:

    • Pathé Cinema of 9 rooms, soon 12 (1 908 armchairs semi-2003 opening to replace Artistic of 5 rooms 1.197 armchairs) in the historical center of Orleans, vis-a-vis the Loire. A second multiplexes should be built in the northern suburbs of the agglomeration, in Saran (12 rooms 2.800 armchairs).
    • Cinema UGC of 5 rooms in the north of the downtown area
    • Cinema Select classified Art and test (5 rooms). Films diffused in French version and/or original version under titrated.
    • Cinema the Carmelite friars classified Art and test (3 rooms). Films diffused in original version under titrated (very exceptionally in French version for the young public for example).

Twinnings

The town of Orleans is twinned with:

Teaching

University

  • the campus of the Université of Orleans is located at Orleans it Source. The University account 4 UFR (Unit of formation and research):

    • Letters, Languages and Social sciences;
    • Right, Economy and Management;
    • Sciences;
    • Sciences and Techniques of the Physical-activities and Sporting (STAPS).

  • a IUT having departments of:

    • Chemistry
    • GMP
    • INFORMATION
    • QLIO
    • GEA

  • There exists a school of engineers: the Polytechnic school of Orleans (EPO or Polytech' Orleans) which gathers since 2002 the old ESEM (University of Energies and Materials) and ESPEO (University of the Electronic and Optical Processes). The EPO depends on the Université of Orleans and is on the campus of the Source.

  • single Master MIAGE in Région Centers: Methods Applied information technologies with the Business management

Universities

  • Academic institute of training of the Masters (IUFM Orleans)
  • Polytechnic school of the university of Orleans (Polytech' Orleans)
  • Business school and of management of Orleans (ECG Orleans)
  • University of data processing (SUPINFO Orleans)
  • regional School of social work (ERTS Olivet)
  • La Poste]]) ===Lycées=== The number of pupils relates to the re-entry 2005 [http://www.lycees.regioncentre.fr/home/rub_lycee.php Site on the colleges of the Center area makes by the district council] *Lycée Benjamin Franklin, general-purpose college, many pupils: 2144; * [[Pothier College]], college of mainstream education and technological and classifies prepas, many pupils: 1838; *Lycée Jean Zay, general-purpose college, many pupils: 1524; *Lycée Charles Peguy, college of mainstream education and technological, many pupils: 1275; *Lycée Voltaire with [[Orleans-the-Source]], college of mainstream education and technological, many pupils: 1773; *Lycée Paul Gauguin with [[Orleans-the-Source]], vocational school, many pupils: 768; *Lycée Holy Charles, private of mainstream education and technological college; *Lycée Holy Cross Euverte Saint, general-purpose private college; *Lycée Saint Paul White Bumblebee, general-purpose private college; *Lycée of the Horticulture and the Landscape, agricultural private college. ==Divers== * '' It [[rumor of Orleans]] '' related to the disappearance of young women in certain shops of clothing held by Jews in [[1969]]. [[Edgar Morin]] made of it a study detailed in a test [[éponyme]], describing the birth, the diffusion and the extinction of a public rumor in towns of average importance. *Vendredi [[September 2nd]] [[2005]]: the municipality of Orleans wants to come to assistance of his/her “cousin” [[the United States|American]], [[New-Orleans]], devastated by [[Katrina hurricane]]. In an official statement, the municipality announces that it will carry out gifts in direction of the disaster victims of [[Louisiana]]. *Orléans was used as decorations in several film of which '' [[Police force Python 357]] '' ([[1977]], [[Alain Corneau]]), '' [[Heat wave (film)|Heat wave]] '' of [[Yves Boisset]] in [[1983]] (Dessaux district and place of the stage), '' [[Life dreamed of the angels]] '' ([[1998]]) and several episodes of the '' [[Brigades of the Tiger (televised series)|Brigades of the Tiger]] '', televisual series. ==Activities sportives== *L' '' [[Agreement Orléanaise 45|Entente Orléanaise]] '' is a team of [[Basketball]] playing since 2006 in [[Pro has (basketball)|Pro-HAVe]]. *Les [[Knights of Orleans]] is a team of [[American football]] evolving/moving in the second national division. * [[US Orleans]], club of ([[Football]]) plays in [[championship of France Amateurs (football, D4)]]. *Le [[Rugby Orleans club|RC Orleans]] ([[Rugby]]) plays in [[championship of France of the 1st federal division]] for the season 2006-2007. * [[Orleans Loiret Hockey]] is a team of Hockey which plays in division 3. *Le '' Cercle of Fencing Orléanais '' also comprises members of international level. *En [[judo]], several members of the '' USOjudo '' have an international level of which [[Celine Lebrun]], [[Abderahim Alaoui]], [[Frederique Jossinet]] and [[Frederique Schmitt]], world champions in 2006 per team. * The USO Handball, whose players of the category of the -18ans evolve/move in regional championship * Fly Disc' R, team of Ultimate Frisbee (see [[Ultimate (sport)]]) playing since 2001. * [[Hippodrome of the Arrault Island]], which accommodates five annual meetings. to ==Voir aussi== ===Articles connexes=== * [[Jeanne d' Arc: birth of a myth]] * [[Head office of Orleans]] ([[One hundred Year old War]]) * [[Battle of Orleans]] ([[Franco-German War of 1870|War of 1870]]) ===Liens externes=== {{Commons}} * [http://www.orleans.fr/ Official site of the town of Orleans] * [http://www.tourisme-orleans.com/ Tourist office] * [http://www.agglo-orleans.fr/ the Community of Agglomeration Orleans Loire Valley: AgglO Orleans] ==Notes and références== {{References | columns = 2}} {{France Cities 100.000 hab}} {{The Community of Agglomeration the Orleans-Valley-of-Loire}} {{Multi stringcourse|Gate communes of France|Loiret gate|Gate Orleans}} [[Category: Orleans| ]] [[Category: Jeanne d' Arc]] [[Category: Via Turonensis]] [[af: Orleans]] [[bg: Орлеан]] [[Ca: Orleans]] [[ceb: Orleans]] [[Cs: Orleans]] [[da: Orleans]] [[of: Orleans]] [[el: Ορλεάνη]] [[in: Orleans]] [[eo: Orleans]] [[be: Orleans]] [[have: Orleans]] [[fi: Orleans]] [[frp: Orleans]] [[gl: Orleans]] [[He: אורליאן]] [[id: Orleans]] [[it: Orleans]] [[ja: オルレアン]] [[KB: 오를레앙]] [[it: Aurelianum]] [[lt: Orleanas]] [[nl: Orleans]] [[N: Orleans]] [[No: Orleans]] [[pl: Orlean]] [[Pt: Orleães]] [[ro: Orleans]] [[Ru: Орлеан]] [[SNA: Orleans]] [[simple: Orleans]] [[sk: Orleans]] [[SSL: Orleans]] [[Sr: Орлеан]] [[sv: Orleans]] [[sw: Orleans]] [[the U.K.: Орлеан]] [[vec: Orleans]] [[VI: Orleans]] [[vo: Orleans]] [[zh: 奥尔良
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