The Crime organized is a rather stable structure (thus being distinguished from a band) several people respecting the orders of a chief or a steering committee to make illicit profits by prohibited methods and fields.

They are enemies of the State which generally has a legislation reversing the burden of the proof. Interpol coordinates this repression with the international level.

The organized crime throughout the world

According to their origin, the criminal organizations bear various names:

• the Trust (Colombia)
• the Maffia, the Camorra, the “Ndrangheta (Italy)
• the Medium (France)
• the Organizatsiya (Russia)
• the Triads (China)
• the Yakuza S (Japan)

The majority as of these organizations can operate apart from their area of origin. Thus the Maffia durably settled with the the United States during the Années 1920.

Criminal economy

Companies almost like the others

The criminal organizations function from now on like companies turned towards the profit. There is a clear evolution, since, until the Second world war, the sicilian Mafia privileged the control of the company and the territory. The godfather is from now on a boss , which goes hand in hand with an increased violence.

That it is about Drug trafficking, from Arme S, from counterfeit money, human beings (Enfant S, Clandestine immigration, Prostitution, etc) or from protected spaces, the criminal organizations benefit from the illegality even of their traffics, who allows them to organize the scarcity, to sit to them Monopole by the Violence or other means on a market withdraws from the right, while letting simple underlings assume the risks. The majority of the Fraude S with the Subvention S of the European Union (estimated sometimes at more than 8 billion euros per annum) is also the fact of the organized crime, like the diversion of the Development assistance or the humanitarian Aid . In the the Italian Mezzogiorno , the Maffias had multiplied by ten their profits in the Années 1970 thanks to the State grants Italy N.

Interpenetration of the two economies

The criminal organizations followed the movement of Mondialisation. While benefitting from the borders which still slow down the investigations and protect from the continuations, the prosperous criminal economy thanks to the deregulation and with the relaxation of controls (Libéralisme; absence of the control of the State in the Third world and the ex- Soviet Union). The saving of areas and whole countries is seen controlled by criminal organizations, who replaced the State, or penetrated it. Revolutionary organizations slip of the Guérilla to organized criminality. The capital resulting from the illegal economy circulates without obstacle, while the bankers shelter behind the bank secrecy. They mingle without difficulty the illicit dies with legal activities, in particular the financial markets, notes Jean de Maillard. Bleaching and traffics could not proceed besides without a minimum of complicity, conscious or not, on behalf of the actors of the legal economy. It is necessary well to charter the ships which transport the clandestine ones or the planes which transport drug between the Colombia and the north of the Mexico. The Colombians, points out Jean-François Boyer, thus bought with La Rochelle of tens of Catamaran S. the industrialist, writing of Maillard considers that this new strategy takes shape with the hinge of the Années 1970 and 1980. Between 1977 and 1998, it are more than thousand eight hundred billion dollars which disappeared from the national accountings. The legal economy depends from now on on this capital. The financial system is indeed in permanent search of wandering capital: the Narco-dollar S to some extent took the place of the Pétrodollar S. As the case of the Tax shelters and the free zones of the industrialized countries shows it, the criminal question and the financial question are from now on indistinguishable. De Maillard

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