OrganizaciÃ³n para la prohibiciÃ³n de armas quÃmicas

Geography

The city is located at the North-West of the country; it extends at the edge of the desert, on a piece of rock territory which advances in the the Mediterranean, forming a bay. Tripoli has a population of 1,68 million inhabitants. Tripoli is located at 32°54' 8" North, 13°11' 9" Is (32.90222, 13.185833). Tripoli is more the big city, the main port, and the greatest industrial and commercial center of Libya. It is also the seat of the government and university Al-Fateh. Considering the long story of the city, much of sites in Tripoli are of a great archaeological interest. The climate is typically Mediterranean: hot and dry summers, fresh winters, and some modest precipitations.

History

Foundation

The city was founded with by Phéniciens, which called it OAS . Then Tripoli passed to the Masters of the Cyrénaïque (Barca), who transfer themselves some stripped by the Carthaginois. It belonged then to the Romains, which included it in the province of Africa that they named Regio Syrtica . Towards the beginning of the 3rd century, it was called Regio Tripolitana (because of its three principal cities: OAS, Sabrata, and Leptis, which was leagued), and were probably high with the row of province separated by Septime Sévère, which came from Leptis. With the remainder of the North Africa, it was conquered by the Musulmans at the beginning of the 8th century.

The Othoman province (vilayet) of Tripoli (whose also the sanjak depended on Cyrénaïque) extended to length from the southernmost shore from the the Mediterranean between the Tunisia, to the West, and the Egypt, in the East. In addition to the city, this field included Cyrénaïque (the plate of Barca), the chain of Oasis of the depression of Aujila, Fezzan, and the oases of Ghadames and Ghat, separated by Friches from sand and stone.

In 1510, it was taken by the Spaniards ordered by Don Pedro Navarro, Count d' Oliveto, and, in 1523, was allocated to the Knights of St Jean, who had just been driven out by the Othoman Turks of their bastion of the island of Rhodos. The Knights defended it with difficulty until in 1551, where they were constrained to capitulate to the Turkish admiral Sinan, and Tripoli took part consequently in the war of generalized race which made Barbary coast the terror of the Christian marine.

In 1714, the pasha in title, Ahmed Karamanli, assumed the title of bey, and asserted an half-independence with respect to the Sultan of Constantinople, and this organization remained under the reign of its descendants, at the same time as most shameless piracy and the rançonnage, until in 1835, where the Ottoman Empire (" Porte") benefitted from an internal conflict in Tripoli to rasseoir its authority. One named a new Turkish pasha, invested capacities of viceroy, and the State became vilayet Ottoman Empire.

The war tripolitaine

At the beginning of the 19th century, the regency of Tripoli had with its practices Pirate S to be twice in war with the United States of America. In May 1801, the pasha required of the United States an increase of taxation (83.000 $) that the government states-unien paid since 1796 to protect its trade from piracy. This requirement was pushed back and the dey with his allies of the coast of Barbaresque declared the war in the United States, a small naval force of the US Navy left to block Tripoli. The United States War of America - Tripoli (1801-1805) trailed in length during four years; in 1803, the States-Uniens lost the frigate Philadelphia , whose commander (Captain William Bainbridge) and whole of the crew were made prisoners. The most picturesque incident of the war was a forwarding undertaken by William Eaton with an aim of then replacing the pasha by his older brother in exile, which had promised to reach all the wishes of the United States. Eaton, to the head of a variegated troop of 500 Marine and Mercenaire S Moslems started from Alexandria to Egypt through the Désert, and managed to seize Derna with the assistance of American ships. Peace was concluded little from time after (June 3rd, 1805): the reigning pasha gave up his requirements, but received 60.000 $ of ransom for the prisoners of the Philadelphia .

In 1815, following new attacks, the Bainbridge captains and Stephen Decatur, to the head of an American squadron, returned to Tripoli and forced the pasha to observe the requirements of the United States.

In 1835, the Turks benefitted from a Civil war in Tripoli to reaffirm their direct authority, and as of this date Tripoli was under the direct control of the Sublime Door, in spite of attempts at rebelled in 1842 and 1844. After the occupation of Tunisia by the French (1881), the Turks increased considerably their manpower in garrison in Tripoli.

The Italy had affirmed a long time that Tripoli fell under its zone from influence and that Italy had the right to maintain the order in the State. Under pretext of protect its own citizens living in Tripoli from the Turkish government, Italy declared the war in Turkey the September 29th 1911, and announced its intention to annex Tripoli. October 1st, 1911, a naval Bataille made rage with Prevesa, in Turkey d' Europe, and three ships Turkish were destroyed. By the Treated of Lausanne, Turkey recognized the Italian Souveraineté, while making it possible the Khalife to exert the religious authority.

Tripoli remained under Italian control until in 1943, then was occupied by the Britanniques until its independence in 1951.

Since independence

The city underwent an American bombardment in 1986, in reprisals of the supposed support of Libya for the Terrorisme. The sanctions of the the United Nations against Libya were raised in 2003, which enables to foresee an increase in the traffic with the wearing of Tripoli and a positive effect on the economy of the city.

The town of today

Modern Tripoli

Tripoli is the principal port of the country. It accommodates the majority of the Libyan administrative buildings. The old city keeps of its atmosphere of antan and it is the city of the country which has the most character.

Have-saraya Al-Hamra (the Red Castle), vast complex palatial truffle of course, dominates the horizon of the city. One finds Othoman statues traditional and fountains in the neighborhoods of the castle. The mosques Gurgi and Karamanli are admirable examples of the skill of the local craftsmen, with their tortuous decorations and their mosaics.

The strengthened old city of Tripoli, the Médina, is one of the traditional sites of the Mediterranean. The foreground of the streets of the médina was traced at the time Roman, when one built the walls to protect it from the attacks coming from the interior of Tripolitaine. To the 8th century one added a wall on the side of the city who faces the sea.

Three doors give access the city: Bab Zanata in the West, Bab Hawara in South-east and Bab Al-Bahr in North. The ramparts of the old city are always upright, and one can climb there for beautiful points of view. The Monument of the port is drawn up with the doors of the old city and there are many restored houses, the consulates and a synagog in these narrow lanes. One can find in the médina traditional goods, jewelry and clothing. The new Jamahiriya museum also opened its doors there. The single Roman monument of the city still upright, the arc of Marc Aurèle, mark northern limit of the médina.

Tripoli has interesting files and museums: public records, the governmental Library, the ethnographic Museum, the archaeological Museum, the Museum of epigraphy and the Museum of Islam.

Twinnings

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OrganizaciÃ³n para la prohibiciÃ³n de armas quÃ­micas