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The symbolism is an artistic literary movement appeared in France and Belgium towards 1870, in reaction to the naturalism and the movement parnassien.

Definition

In a literary Proclamation , published in 1886, Jean Moréas defines this new manner: “ Enemy of “teaching, the declamation, distorts it sensitivity, objective description”, poetry symbolic system seeks: to dress the Idea in a significant form… ” the poets Symbolists tint their works of intentions metaphysics, of mystery, even of mysticism. The subject less and less has from now on importance, it is only one pretext. Several artists have fun to transpose a concrete image in an abstract reality.

George-Albert Aurier gave a definition of symbolism in a Mercure de France of 1891: “ the work of art will have to be firstly a ideist, since its single ideal will be the expression of the idea, secondly Symbolist since it will express this idea in form, thirdly synthetic since it will write its forms, his signs according to a mode of comprehension general, fourthly subjective since the object will never be considered there as an object but as a sign perceived by the subject, fifthly the work of art will have to be decorative. ”

Symbolism is a reaction to the naturalism. It is about " to dress the idea in a form sensible". The Symbolists do not paint the object accurately, contrary to the naturalists, but seek an impression, a feeling, which evokes an ideal world and privileges the expression of the states of hearts. The symbols make it possible to reach the higher reality of the sensitivity.

Topics Symbolists

  • the makes an attempt of one does not know what.
  • the funerary topic present, but is ever presented as an immediate solution.
  • life.
  • time.
  • seasons.
  • the drowsiness , the deadened princess. But also deadened nature, there are very few spring celebrations.
  • the inaccuracy with the semitones, the half-tones.
  • the silence , dumbness. Silence is a virtue in oneself, it carries in him the promise of return of the angel, of the messenger.
  • the melancholy .
  • physical appearance is a simple relay towards beyond.
  • the Desire of otherness , another thing.
  • Allusions to the religiosity.
  • Mysterious
  • Dubious
  • Attractive
  • Unconscious
  • Correspondence, analogy enters the things, according to the poem of Baudelaire on the correspondences.

Artists

Predecessors

Poets

Painters

Members of the Symbolist group of the “Nabis”

Music

Critical

External bonds

  • a literary and cultural movement: symbolism.
  • the miracle of 1886.
  • the novelist and critical Remy de Gourmont
  • the Saint-Pol.-Russet-red poet
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