Orenburg (Russian Оренбург) is a city located on the river the Ural and is the administrative center of the Oblast of Orenburg in the federal District of Privoljsk, in Russia. The city is with 1  478  km in the south of Moscow, with. Orenburg has a population of   549  361 inhabitants according to the census of 2002.

History

The Russian Empire started the plans of construction of a fortress city at the border is country, in the area of the Ural of the south, the name of Orenburg in 1734. The colonists founded originally a colony in 1735 with the confluence of the river the Ural and river Or. The name of the city meant “fortress close to the Gold”, composed with the German word Burg , “fortress”. This colony took in 1739 the name of Orsk. An attempt was made found another Orenburg at a place named Krasnogor (in Russian “the red hill”) in 1741, but it failed. Third Orenburg was established successfully on its current site, approximately 250 km in the south of Orsk while skirting the Ural, in 1743.

The city is besieged by Pougatchev in 1773.

This Orenburg was used as military outpost with the border with the Kazakh nomads . It became the center of the Cosaques of Orenburg. After the incorporation of the Central Asia in the Russian Empire, Orenburg became a commercial station and an important rail junction on the road of the new possessions in Central Asia and of the Siberia.

Orenburg acted as capital of the Kyrgyz autonomous Soviet Republic socialist (current Kazakhstan) of 1920 with 1925. When this republic was famous Soviet socialist République kazakhe in 1925, Orenburg joined Russia strictly speaking and Alma-ATA (Almaty) became the new capital. Although the republic became RSS of Kazakhstan in 1936, Orenburg remained a Russian city.

Of 1938 with 1957, the city bore the name of Tchkalov (Чкалов), of the name of the test pilot Valéry Tchkalov. After the German invasion of the USSR, the June 22nd 1941, a certain number of factories were evacuated in Orenburg, which contributed to the economic development of the city.

Transport

Orenburg has an international airport, mainly served by the airline company Orenburg Airlines.

Artisanal speciality

Shawls of hair or angora sleeping bag of goat, with the reason for a large smoothness. There exists about it of two kinds: dense (generally gray) and very heat, or lighter, in openwork sleeping bag, called " fabric of araignée" (Russian паутина), famous to pass malgé their size through a ring.

Anecdote

Joseph Kessel passed there part of its youth

External bonds

• History of the Town of Orenburg
• Phone book of Orenburg

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