Order of the Preachers

The Ordre of the Preachers (O.P. - Ordo Prædicatorum ), more known under the name of Dominican Ordre was born under the impulse from Dominique de Guzmán in 1215. This catholic order belongs, like the order of the minor brothers (O.F.M.) more known under the name of Franciscains, with the category of the Ordres beggars.

According to the rule of holy Augustin, inherited the Prémontrés (O. Præm), thus ques his clean Constitutions , it was given for mission the apostolate and contemplation. One of its currencies is Veritas (the truth). Another of its currencies, resulting from the Acts of the Apostles, and taken again by Thomas d' Aquin, is “to announce what we contemplated”, or “to rent, bless, preach”.

The Dominican ones are not monks but of the monks: they make wish of poverty, chastity and obedience, but not of stability. They live in convents and not in abbeys. Their vocation being to preach in the world, their convents are often in big cities.

History of the Order

Origins and development

Dominique de Guzmán is canon of Osma in Spain when its bishop, Diègue d' Osma, asks him to accompany it in a diplomatic mission in Scandinavia. During their way, Dominique meets a Albigensian landlord in the south of France and spends the night to be tried to convert it. In the morning, the landlord had given up the Catharisme for the Catholicisme. While returning from Scandinavia, the bishop of Dominique passes by Rome and request to the pope to raise it of his ministry to devote itself to preaching in the south of France. The pope refuses. However while returning to Spain, the small group crosses a made up mission papal legates having for goal to convert the cathares. This pontifical mission meets a first failure. Diègue d' Osma shows them the example by giving up all its businesses to try to convert the cathares with for only arms the Gospel. Its model is the itinerant preaching of Jesus. Whereas Diègue d' Osma turns over thereafter in its diocese to Osma, it leaves in Dominique the responsibility of continue itinerant preaching that itself had initiated.

Continuous Dominique without slackening this work, meets friends ready to follow it, is established with them at on April 25th 1215 in the Maison Seilhan with Toulouse where it founds the Order of the Preachers, later better known under the name of Dominican Jacobins then of . The order is approved in 1215 by the pope Innocent III with for mission of preaching and of converting the heretics.

In a few decades, several hundreds of new establishments flower through Europe, called convents of the Jacobins and inaugurating a history which will finish with that of Paris.

The pope Gregoire IX, being wary of the lack of pastoral effectiveness of the bishops, entrusts the Inquisition as of his creation by the bubble Excommunicamus (1223) to Dominican, two years after the death of the founder of the Order. Dominique, although not having taken party against the crusade against the Albigensians, had not taken part itself in it, preferring to fight by the means of the verb. The practice of torture by the Enquiry begins in 1252, in bond of the pope Innocent IV. Two members of the order were condemned to died by the Enquiry: Jerome Savonarole in 1498 and Giordano Bruno in 1600.

The Dominican order is spread quickly in all Christendom and forms a great number of houses distributed in 8 provinces: Spain, Toulouse, France, Provence, Lombardy, Rome, Germany, England.

With Rome, the order has a famous convent, which is used to him as chief town, and there supports until the 19th century a long competition with the order Franciscain.

History of Dominican in France

The founded Parisian convent as of 1218 depends on a convent in the north of Genoa (Passo Viola, collar of the high step) bearing the name of Saint Jacques. The Dominican brothers of Jacques saint are thus called the Jacobins (Latin Jacobus), and this nickname extends to all France.
À Paris, the street takes the name of the convent, and becomes the street Saint-Jacob. It is the origin of the name of the Saint-Jacob church of the High Step. The convent of Saint-Jacob is thereafter transferred street Saint-Honoré.
With the French revolution, the Dominican ones know financial needs. They must thus rent their convents. The club of the friends of the constitution thus rents their establishment street Saint-Honore. There is then habit to call this club, the Club of the Jacobins, the place of the meetings having been given to the club. The club of the Jacobins also settles with the church Saint-Thomas d' Aquin.
Supprimés in France in 1790, the Dominican ones are restored there in 1850 (date of the official re-establishment of the province of France) by the Father Henri Lacordaire.
Le father Antoine Touron wrote the History of the famous men about S. Dominique , Paris, 1743.

Dress

The Dominican ones wear a dress of white color, composed of three clothing:

  • a dress;
  • a scapular (fabric part without handles, resting on the shoulders);
  • a capuce.
The dress can be supplemented by a cover and a capuce of black color, traditionally covered Avent with Easter and which also go in certain particular occasions.
Une wraps black range with the top of the dress plays the part of coat. A leather belt to which one hangs a rosary, supplements the dress. It should be noted that the white Soutane of the Pape is inspired by the Dominican dress, since Pie V which was Dominican.

The Dominican order nowadays

Nowadays, the Order counts:
  • more than 6.000 brothers,
  • more than 3.000 Moniale S, in 247 monasteries
  • 40.000 Dominicain be apostolic in 119 Congrégation S
  • a hundred thousands of people belonging to the laic Fraternités.
In France, one counts two provinces:
  • the province of France () (in the past province of France (Paris) and province of Lyon);
  • the province of Toulouse ().
In France one counts 2.800 sisters of 28 congregations (Dominican sisters of the Presentation, Dominican sisters of the Saint-Name of Jesus, Dominican sisters of the Holy Spirit, etc).

Among the activities of Dominican French, one can quote:

  • the editions of the Stag (Editions of the Stag);
  • the biblical and archaeological School French of Jerusalem (EBAF);
  • a strong investment in the world of the media (in particular the televised mass), the preaching of retirements (including on Internet, with, inter alia, the site Reprocesses in the City), the homélies, chaplaincies;
  • a university on Internet (Domuni)
  • the management of libraries like Saulchoir or the library of Idéo
  • the organization of the pilgrimage of the Rosary, every year, with Heavy

Dominican famous

This order provided a great number of popes and famous characters:

See too

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