Oradea

Oradea (Hungarian: Nagyvárad , German: Großwardein ) is a city of the Région of Transylvania, in Romania. It belongs to the Judeţ de Bihor, located at the western north of Romania. In 2002, its population intramuros was of 206.527 inhabitants and 220.000 by counting the zones périurbaines. Oradea is one of the most prosperous towns of Romania.

Geography

The city is located close to the Hungarian border, on the river Crişul Repede.

History

The first trace of existence of the city goes back to the year 1113 then called in Latin Varadium. Citadel d' Oradeo, whose ruins always exist, is mentioned for the first time in 1241 during repairs and consolidations made to prevent the attack of the Mongol-Tatar. However it is only in XVIe century that the city started to extend. At the XVIIIe century, Venetian engineer Franz Anton Hillebrandt redrew the city in a style baroque. In 1752, much of constructions in reference to the Romance cathedrals - the palate Bishop and the museum Ţării Crişurilor were carried out.

Ethnos groups

The communist era with carried much wrong to the minorities - in particular the roumanisation forced by the successive governments dictatorialux (especially under Ceaucescu). With the closing of the schools in minority languages (especially Hungarian) on the national plan and the disavowal of its origins by fear of the reprisals, the population strongly changed for these periods. The figures below prove it.

  • 1910:69 000 (Rumanian S: 5.6%, Hungarian: 91.10%)

  • 1920:72 000 (R: 5%, H: 92%)
  • 1930:90 000 (R: 25%, H: 67%)
  • 1966:122 634 (R: 46%, H: 52%)
  • 1977:170 531 (R: 53%, H: 45%)
  • 1992:222 741 (R: 64%, H: 34%)

According to the census of 2002, the population of Oradea was composed of:

  • Rumanian: 145,295 (70.4%)

    • Hungarian
  • : 56,830 (27.5%)
  • Roms: 2,466 (1.2%)
  • German: 566 (0.3%)
  • Slovak: 477 (0.2%)
  • Jewish: 172
  • Ukrainian: 76 Bulgarian
  • : 25 Russian
  • : 25 Serb
  • : 17 Czech
  • : 9
  • Turks: 9

Districts

The city is made up of several districts:

  • Centru Oradea (center town)

  • Life
  • Nufărul
  • Rogerius
  • Velenţa
  • Cantemir
  • Ioşia

Transport

The public grid system is managed by OTL. It is composed of 3 tram lines (1R, 1N, 2, 3R, 3N) and several lines of bus. The city counts three stations (power station, Vest and Are). The station of Vest is located in the district of Ioşia, and the central station (called Oradea) is located in center town close district of Vie.

Structure

Many districts was destroyed during the era Ceaucescu, thus the architecture of Oradea is composed today of constructions carried out during the communist era. The older buildings in style baroque, resulting from the Austro-Hungarian era, survived thanks to the end of the communist period.

Monuments

  • Museum Ţării Crişurilor - a museum baroque with its 365 windows

  • Cathedral barocă - the largest cathedral baroque of Romania
  • Cetatea Oradea - the fortress of Oradea, in the form of pentagon
  • Biserica Cu Lună - a single church in Europe with a clock which indicates the phases of the moon
  • Passage Vulturul Negru - the passage of the black eagle
  • Musée Ady Endre - the house of one of the largest Hungarian poets
  • Théâtre of Stat - the national theater, carried out by the two Austrian architects who built a hundred theaters and operas in Europe towards the end of the XIXe century
  • the city does not count less than 100 churches of different worships, of which the largest church Baptist of Eastern Europe

Twinnings

Famous people

Sabau Emil (so naked my May stergeti! oradean case! )

See too

External bonds

  • Oradea & Bihor
  • Official site
  • Oradea Site cultural and economic
  • Webcam

Simple: Oradea

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