Optimism
The optimism indicates at the human being a frame of mind which perceives the world in a positive way. An optimistic person tends to see “the good side of the things”, to think of many people, and considers that events, even annoying, will take no matter what it in the final analysis arrives a positive turning.
Optimism is the opposite of the Pessimisme. This opposition is métaphoriquement illustrated by the question of knowing if a Verre given must be considered with half full (optimistic vision) or with empty half (pessimistic vision).
Optimism is a positive feeling as an engine of the initiative. However the suroptimism (or surconfiance) is a Biais cognitive (and emotional) which can lead to hazardous forecasts, an excess of Confiance and behaviors dangerous.
The philosophical concept
The Philosophe Leibniz exposes in 1710 its Théodicée: it describes a system based on a “Harmonie preestablished” to explain the existence of the Mal on Ground. This theory then was simplified and criticized by Voltaire in Candide (whose complete title is besides Candide or Optimism ).
Voltaire invents a character there named Pangloss, supposed to represent the thought leibnizienne, and which throughout the philosophical Conte speaks about “better about the possible worlds”.
The reducing criticism of Voltaire remains however prone to questionings.
In history
At the time of the Century of the lights, the paradigm of modernity becomes that of optimism; the philosophers of this time placed a great confidence in the aptitudes of the human being to make its happiness. This confidence is in connection with the theological notion of the Grâce (see Jésuitisme and Jansénisme).In policy, the direction of the word Progrès is forged by those which believe that a social evolution is really possible. At the XIXe century, ideologies like the Fouriérisme and the Positivisme affirm that the human nature is improvable in oneself.
At the XXe century, years 1930,1940 and 1950 are remembered by the Antimodernisme, while the Années 1960 and 1970 see returning a new wind of optimism, which approaches that of the beginning of the century.
On the religious level, the excess of optimism was fought by Pie IX when this one proclaims the dogma of the Immaculate-Design, which gave a direction quite particular to the grace and obliged with the theologists to be joined magistère.
Current expressions related to optimism
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To take the life of the good side : to keep moral positive, in spite of the encountered éventuellements difficulties.
- to see only full glass with half : to hold account only happy events and not of the unpleasant events.
See too
Related articles
- preestablished Harmony
- Méliorisme
External bonds
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Of the quotations on optimism
Simple: Optimism
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