Optical pumping
The technique of the “ optical pumping ”, elaborate in 1949, was worth with Alfred Kastler the Nobel Prize of physics in 1966.
In a population of atoms in thermal balance, they are the energy levels low which are populated. To obtain a settlement of excited atoms majority, it is necessary to realize, by illumination using a very intense beam for example, a “inversion of population”, i.e. to make so that there are more excited atoms than the nonexcited ones.
This operation is compared with a pumping, which increases the potential energy of gravity of a water mass by raising it above its initial height
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Optical pumping is a technique employed in the operation of the Laser. For example in the laser with Ruby, optical pumping is carried out thanks to a Tube with discharge.
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