Optical amplification

The optical amplification is the direct amplification of a flow of Photon S through a component, a long time used only after the appearance of the Laser S of which it is one of the two essential phenomena with the phenomenon of resonance. The optical amplifiers are used in the field of the Télécommunication S with fiberoptics and in certain metrological applications of weak luminous flow. The materials used can be as well crystals (Semi-conducteur S) that amorphous materials (silica doped).

The physical phenomenon at the base of optical amplification is the stimulated emission which corresponds to the emission of a photon consecutively to the passage of another photon. This phenomenon is the opposite phenomenon of absorption with a parameter G called profit which is the opposite of the absorption coefficient has . A material becomes amplifying when one carried out the inversion of population which consists in populating the higher energy levels in a way more important than the lower levels using an external source called pump. The optical amplifiers with fibers made important great strides thanks to optical telecommunications to regenerate the signal. They have the advantage of a low sensitivity to polarization compared to the amplifiers with semiconductors. As they amplify all the wavelengths in a field, they allowed the development of technology DWDM.

Amplification of a laser beam:

The system of amplification is composed of an amplifier with properly spoken, and of a Laser of pump. In the amplifier a crystal, a Titanium-saphire is crystal in general. The process of amplification is the following: The laser beam coming from the Laser of pump goes " pomper" crystal, making pass the electrons of the crystal of the fundamental state in an excited state. At this time precise manages in the crystal the laser beam to amplify, which receives the energy of the electrons turning over at the fundamental state. Thanks to a play of mirroirs, the laser beam to amplify will be returned several times in the crystal, before arising from the amplifier.

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