Operetta
A operetta is a kind of opera, of a light style, which alternates the parts sung (soloists or choral societies) with the spoken and sometimes danced parts. It aims at the spectacle, the easy distraction, based on the comic one and gaîté and/or the sentimental one - but practically always with a happy end. It constitutes sometimes an interlude of setting in scene when it is conceived like a short part.
Exit of the Opera-puffs out, at the 19th century, the operetta had a great popular success in France, grace in particular to Jacques Offenbach which is regarded as the Master of the kind, is appreciated Parisian middle-class and imperial couple, little amateur of the traditional opera. During the golden age of the French operetta, until the beginning of the 20th century, Offenbach found talented successors as a Albert Willemetz, Edmond Audran, Charles Lecocq, Robert Planquette, Louis Varney, André Messager… Later, the operetta was adopted in Austria, country of the operetta Viennese, until the middle of the 20th century with names such as Franz Lehar, Ralph Benatzky.
The Spanish form of the operetta is the Zarzuela and one considers sometimes that the Musical comedy is the American form.
The operetta differs from the Op3era Comique only by its subjects - putting in scene characters of the people, or many noble or of the heroes of shoddy goods and not of the historical characters or of great myths - and by its musical treatment - the requirements necessary for the singers are less: for example, of the singers like Bourvil or Shine Mariano, excellent in the kind, would have with difficulty found a place in “the great” repertory. However, of large singers of opera the operetta (Elisabeth Schwarzkopf) or the zarzuela did not scorn (Placido Domingo).
The “operettas” of Offenbach are between the two kinds: some of their topic ( the Beautiful Helene, Orphée, Bore-blue ) are frequent topics of opera and the music is far from being as light as it does not appear to with it. Besides it has subtitle the majority of these works “opera-puffs out”, thus introducing into the kind, towards 1850, the presence of spoken parts. The term of operetta appeared only afterwards. Among the authors of the kind, Offenbach is practically the only one to have composed of true operas: Die Rheinnixen, Tales of Hoffmann . Benatzky, Chabrier also wrote some operas, but they are very seldom played.
Some famous operettas
See also : : Category: Type-setter of operetta
XIXe century
Operettas Vienneses
- Franz Lehar
- Oscar Straus
- Johann Strauss wire
French operettas
- Jacques Offenbach
- André Messager
- Louis Varney
- Vincent Scotto of Albert Willemetz
- Henri Christine
- Louis Ganne
English operettas
The Mikado- Sidney Jones
- Lionel Monckton
Operettas étatsuniennes
- Reginald De Koven
Spanish operettas
“The operetta seems a revival of the Zarzuela, but under its only light aspect” El Barberillo de Lavapies- Tomás Bretón there Hernández
- Ruperto Chapi there Lorente
- Jose Simeón Serrano
XXe century (after the First World War)
Mr Carnaval the Inn of the Horse-White Douchka the Beautiful one of Cadiz- Manual Rosenthal
- Charles Cuvillier
- Robert Dumas
- Rudolf Frimi
Simple: Operetta
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