The Open Source Initiative is a Organization devoted to the promotion of the Logiciel Open Source .

The Open Source movement

Under the impulse of Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond, the Open Source Initiative was created in 1998 with Palo Alto by Todd Anderson, Chris Peterson, John maddog Hall, Larry Augustin, Sam Ockman and Eric Raymond.
Né in 1998 of a scission of the community of the Free software (community of users and developers) in order to lead a policy considered more adapted to economic realities and techniques, the movement Open Source defends freedom to reach the sources of the programs which they use, in order to lead to an economy of the software depend on the only sale of services and either of that of licenses of use.

Among the applications of the Open Source , one counts his contribution to the development of the core Linux and software animated by this operating system. A series of tests of Eric S. Raymond, going back to 1998, testifies in the way in which the Open Source was seen at the time like a kind of new Eldorado. In the number of these tests the Cathedral and the bazaar and appear In the conquest of the noosphère , which expose the mode of development Open Source .

In 2005, several thousands of Informaticien S French are Salarié S thanks to this model, as well in small companies selling of the services specialized as at the “large integrators” and the companies users. In addition giants of the sector (IBM, Novell, HP…) some their technical and commercial strategies assoient on the approach Open Source .

“Open Source” and “Free software”

Confusion between Free software and Open Source is current in the media which often use the two terms without distinguishing them. A sharp polemic opposes the partisans of the Open Source and the partisans of the Free software .

The software which supports the movement of the Free software answers the criteria given by the Free Software Foundation in the Free Software Definition, itself written by Richard Stallman.

The concept of Open Source also rests on precise definitions. The use of the terms Open Source was suggested by Christine Peterson, of the Foresight Institute, in order to raise the semantic ambiguity of the word English free which means free within the meaning of “freedom”, but also free within the meaning of “free access, exemption from payment” - and by the means of this semantic correction, to indicate to the users whom a software has a cost.

Principal criticism resulting from the movement relative of the Free software is the fact that the Open Source communicates almost exclusively only on one of the features of the software (the freedom of access to the operation of the software) by occulting the motivations first from which they result, with the risk to lose them. They show the Open Source to be mû by the financial dynamics and resources and of expertise of multinationals, the opponent with the Free software mû by ideals of a philosophical and political nature.

One year after its creation, Bruce Perens, holder of the mark Open Source and creator of the Open Source Definition, decides to withdraw project following what it calls one Failure of Open Source Initiative and a test published by the Free Software Foundation publishes entitled Why we speak about free software in which he affirms that the Free Software Definition ensures more freedoms the users of the programs.

After the bursting of the Bubble Internet in 2000 and the bankruptcy of several companies which had as a model of businesses the Open Source , the organisational adequacy and the economic viability of this approach were criticized by Nicolas Boiteux in his test the esotericism of the bazaar, and the demystified poisoned apple .

Thus, of the Free software under license Copyleft are Open Source, while software Open Source can not be free. In practice, the majority of the licenses of the Open Source satisfy the criteria of freedom of the Free Software Foundation, various subtleties which distinguish them being mainly of a philosophical and commercial nature.

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