Onoghour

The Onoghours (or Onogours ) constituted a tribe among the people ogours. The latter appeared in the South-east of the Europe during the last third of the 5th century, after the dissolution of the empire of the Huns. According to the Byzantine rhetor Priscos, messengers of Sharagours, Ogours and Onogours in 463, ten years were presented after the death of Attila, in front of the emperor of the East Leon I {{er}} Large the. It was of opinion that these people had been driven out of their territory of origin by other populations. The people mentioned by Priscos were established in the area of the the Volga, the the Caucasus and the Black Sea. Ogours, which was undoubtedly called originally Ougours , passed to the 6th century under Turkish domination; Sharagours disappear soon from the sources, but Onogours are often quoted by the chroniclers of the following centuries.

At the 6th century, the Koutrigours (or Koutourgours ) and the Outigours (or Outourgours ) were made several fratricidal wars in the steppes in the north of the Black Sea, before being dominated partly by the Turks, partly by the Miserly ones. Onogours played a big role at the 7th century in the empire of the steppes organized by the Khagan Bulgare Koubrat (or Kurt , Turkish Loup in ), which belonged to the house (khan) or clan of Dulo.

Actually, the history of the people onogour and his relations with the close people is complex, and gives matter to many controversies among the historians and the ethnologists. However, it seems acquired that after death in 453 of Attila king of Huns, three principal groups people, federated or at least strongly mixed, played a leading role. They are the Bulgares, the Khazars and the Hungarian. The two first speak about the Turkish languages (Ural-Altaic group ); the third speaks a Finno-ugric language, but is dominated by a Turkish clan. Their origins are dubious.

It is supposed that the Bulgarian ones are elements of a group of Huns ebbing towards the East, which would have mixed with various elements come before from Asia. Themselves, or their clan dominating, Dulo (Djula), were claimed of a son of Attila named Irnik, of which they preserved the memory at the 8th century, whereas curiously they had lost that of Attila himself. Their name, gerund in - rear of the Turkish word bulga , “to mix”, means “mixed” and pleads in favor of this interpretation. However, their linguistic characteristics, which are still now those their heirs on the average the Volga in Russia (Chuvash ), stress that a rupture with the common Turkish branch had occurred.

One mentions the Bulgarian ones for the first time in 480 in the zone ranging between the Caspian Sea and the the Danube as combined of the Byzantine Zénon against the Goths, auxiliaries of the Avars which advanced towards the Black Sea by subjecting the people living to the north of this sea. The Bulgarian ones are then led by chiefs (“governors”) of which most known is Gostun, which long enough occupied the capacity during an amount of time without one knowing exactly when with when. It is its nephew Koubrat, referred to above, who founded the state of Onogurie towards 585. Between 630 and 635, Koubrat carried out fights against the Avars to get rid of their supervision and, in 635, ends up linking Avars and the Bulgarian ones; after the fights, this union was perhaps facilitated by the fact that Koubrat was Bulgarian by his/her mother and avar by his/her father. Consequently, Koubrat took the title of khan, thus creating powerful a Khaganat extending on the territories which are now, essentially, those of the Ukraine. This vast khaganat is generally called “the Grande Bulgaria ”, and either Onogurie. In its youth, Koubrat had been retained like hostage at the court of Byzance and thus it had been able to assimilate a good portion of the Byzantine culture; he was baptized in 619 and he died in 642 (and not in 665, as it sometimes is claimed).

After its death, Large Bulgaria was divided between its five pagan remained sons. This division made it possible the Khazars, which emerge from the bottom of Asia, to invade the territory. The Bulgarian ones gathered in three different hordes. The first horde remained on the spot and was resigned to undergo the yoke of the invaders, to finally finish amalgamating with the close people and to disappear from the history.

The second horde went up the course of the Volga and founded, towards the end of 8th century, a khanat with the confluence of this large river with the Kama. This kingdom is known also under the name of Grande Bulgaria , or Bulgaria of the Volga or Bulgaria of Kama . Its capital, Bolghar, were to a hundred kilometers of the current capital of the Tatarstan, namely Kazan. The development of the latter will involve the ruin of Bolghar later.

The third horde, under the control of Asparoukh (or Isperik , 644 - 702), fled towards the west. In 679, it passes the the Danube and, in 680, settled in the countries which one currently knows under the names of Bulgaria and of Hungary. The new Bulgarian people quickly became a frightening power which attacked Constantinople on several occasions, in particular in 762 then, in 811, when the khan Kroum (803 - 814) overcame and killed the emperor Nicéphore I {{er}} of which, according to the Turkish habit, it made cranium a cut with drinking. However, mingled with many elements belonging to the Slavic Southerners, the Bulgarian ones of origin finished by slaviser completely, and only the name still currently testifies of a Turkish origin. This process of assimilation accelerated brutally when Boris I {{er}} adopted the Christian religion in 864 or 865.

The name of Bulgarian migrating towards the Low-Danube after the dissolution of the khaganat of Kuvrat was Onogoundour . The question of the relationship between the ethnonymes onogour and onogoundour and the Bulgarian denomination very complex and is still largely discussed. But at all events, the foreign denominations of Magyar, namely Hungarus in Latin, Hungarian in French, Hungarian in English, Ungar in German, and so on, come all from the ethnonyme onogour . This ethnonyme was transmitted in the Western languages by the Slavic ones, probably with the VIII {{E}} - 9th centuries.

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