Omeyyades de Cordoue

This article relates to the branch known as of the Omeyyades of Spain , or Omeyyades de Cordoue . It appears initially in the shape of an emirate into 756 on a lately conquered ground, to continue with the foundation of a dynastic branch califale into 929.

Dynastic foundation of Omeyyades of Spain

In 750, the Abbassides massacre the Omeyyades Califat of Damas (660-750) and establish their new capital with Baghdad.

A member of the dynasty of Omeyyades, Abd Al-Rahman Ier, succeeds in escaping the massacre from Damas and taking refuge in Al-Andalus (the Spain) in 755.

With the support of the Syrian djund, it is essential on the battle Al-Musara in 756 and proclaims emir, thus breaking the unit of the world Musulman, while continuing to recognize the religious authority of the Caliph Abbassides of Baghdad.

To pacify the country, to ensure its capacity and its independence vis-a-vis the conspiracies of its enemies supported by the Abbasid , `Abd Al-Rahman, called “the Emigrant”, entrusts the political responsibilities to members of his family and her customers.

II is pressed on the army, of which it increases manpower, and constitutes a guard of mercenaries, which obliges it to increase the taxes to pay the balances.

Its policy meets the opposition of the Yemenis and the Moslem Berbères installed in Spain, which on several occasions revolt between 766 and 776.

But with its death, `Abd Al-Rahman founded a dynasty and transformed Al-Andalus into an independent and structured State.

The creation of a second schismatic Al-Andalus caliphate

The emir 'Abd Al-Rahmān III took the title of Caliph in 929, thus affirming supplements it independence of the Califat of Cordoue compared to that of the Abbassides. It followed in that the example of the Chiites Fatimides which were them-even declared caliphs in Egypt.

The consequence of this decision was that the caliphs Omeyyades of Cordoue suffered from a bad reputation in the Moslem Historiographie. Indeed, the caliph, as a " Commander of the croyants" was to be single; this will of religious independence was perceived like a dissidence threatening the spiritual unit of the community of the believers of the traditional world arabo-Moslem. Others followed however.

Fall of the caliphate

In XIe century, the caliphate crumbles and splits up in microphone-states, the Taïfas (up to 25) which, weakened, will be gradually reconquered by the Chrétiens. The last Spanish Moslem kingdom, the Kingdom of Grenade, will fall in 1492. The last Moslems, alive under the Christian law, will be forced to convert or emigrate at the XVIIe century.

Dynasty of Omeyyades de Cordoue

the numbers indicate the order of succession.
the dates are those of the reign

Driven `āwīya └ 1─ `rear-Rahmān Abd I {{er}} Ben Driven `āwīya (756 - 788) └ 2─ Hichām I {{er}} (788 - 796) └ 3─ Al-Hakam I {{er}} (796 - 822) └ 4─ `rear-Rahmān Abd II (822 - 852) └ 5─ Muhammad I {{er}} (852 - 886) ├ 6─ Al-Mundhir (886 - 888) └ 7─ `Abd Allah Ben Muhammad (888 - 912) │ └───Muhammad │ └ 8─ `rear-Rahmān Abd III year-Nāsir (912 - 961) ├ 9─ Al-Hakam II Al-Mustansir (961 - 976) │ └10─ Hichām II Al-Mu' ayyad (976 - 1009) and (1010 - 1013) ├───`Ubayd Allah │ └── `rear-Rahmân Abd │ └18─ Muhammad III (1024 - 1025) ├─── `Adb Al-Jabbâr │ └──Hichâm │ ├11─ Muhammad II (1009) and (1010) │ └17─ `rear-Rahmān Abd V (1023 - 1024) │ ├───`Adb Allah │ └──Muhammad │ ├14─ `rear-Rahmān Abd IV (1018) │ └19─ Hichām III (1027 - 1031) └───Sulayman └───Al-Hakam └12─ Sulayman (1009 - 1010) and (1013 - 1016)

Other caliphs de Cordoue, not Omeyyades

13 `Alī Ben Hammud “Al-Nāsir” (1016 - 1018)
15 Al-Qâsîm “Al-Ma' mûn” (1018 - 1021) and (1023)
16 Yahyâ “Al-Driven `talî” (1021 - 1023) and (1025 - 1027)