Olusegun Obasanjo (Yoruba Oluṣẹgun Mathew Okikiọla Arẹmu Ọbasanjọ , born on March 5th 1937) is the president of the Federal republic of the Nigeria of 1976 with 1979 and of 1999 with 2007. Christian of the ethnos group Yoruba, it is originating in the town of Abeokuta, in the State d' Ogun. Military career, it will become first once Head of the State of 1976 with 1979 within the federal military government then, life income civil, it will be elected in 1999 and will be re-elected in 2003.

Biography

Military career

Volunteer in the army Nigerian in 1958, it is sent to the school of officers of Aldershot, with the the United Kingdom. Its formation will also include stays in India and with the Ghana. In 1960-61, it is sent to the Zaire among the troops of interpositions of the the United Nations. Returned with the country, it is with the head of the 3rd division of Commandos of Navy which accepts the rendering of the Biafra secessionist in January 1970.

First accession with the capacity

The July 29th 1975, it is at the sides of Murtala Mohammed when this one seizes the capacity to the favor of a Coup d'etat. When this one is killed the February 13rd 1976 at the time of a missed attempt at inversion, Obasanjo, then chief of the armies, replaces it. It organized the democratic transition of the country consequently, wrote a new constitution and became first leading country to voluntarily give up (or alive) the capacity by transmitting the reins of the country to Shehu Shagari, first elected civil president.

It withdraws public affairs, and, when the soldiers take again the capacity in 1983, it neither is implied nor does not give its approval to the inversion of the civil capacity. It remains throughout the years which will follow critical of the many violations of the human rights and the generalized nepotism of the successive military governments.

Political career

Candidate at the station of General secretary of the United Nations in 1991, it will fail vis-a-vis Boutros Boutros-Ghali.

Under the government of the General Sani Abacha, he is condemned in 1995 to the life imprisonment for plot. The sorrow will be commuted at 15 years under the international pressure, then purely and simply cancelled with died of the dictator in June 1998. Protesting “to have found God” at the time of his stay in prison (where it becomes anabaptist), it turns over in the political arena under the banner of the popular Democratic party ( People' S Democratic Party - PDP) and is triumphantly elected in 1999 with 62,6  % of the voices vis-a-vis another Christian yoruba, Olu Falae. Paradoxically, its worse score was in its area of origin, the local voters reproaching him for having given the capacity the Haoussa S Moslems in 1979 and to be to them since then pledged. Its statute of Born-again Christian is however considered a political asset in the other areas of the Christian South.

The new government launched as of its arrival of many measurements of recovery of the economy and fight against corruption, with encouraging results, all at least within sight of the recent history of the country. The assessment is on the other hand definitely less positive politically, with a weakening of the central capacity to the profit of the federate states. Blocked by a Moslem political base, Obasanjo cannot act of face against northerner potentates which await only one error to impose an independent Moslem state in the area. On the international plan, it is illustrated like a partisan of the good governance, renegotiation of the African debt, as well as democracy in general: by three times during its period to the head of the Organization of African Unity, it will condemn the inversion in other countries of the continent of elected governments.

The elections of 2003 reflect an increasing polarization of the company Nigerian along the religious lines of fracture. If it garners again close to 61,8  % of the voices vis-a-vis the Moslem ex-dictator haoussa Muhammadu Buhari and after a tumultuous campaign, it will be only because the severe retreat in the states of North will be compensated by a strong support this time of its native south-west. Charges of fraud will in addition be launched on the two sides, but the observers will not consider it sufficiently systematic to have had a real influence on the end result of the poll (Obasanjo carrying it with nearly 11 million voice in advance).

The constitution Nigerian prohibited with the president to represent itself for a third mandate. A constitutional modification had been presented without Obasanjo not giving clear information on her will or not to carry out a third mandate like on her support for this modification. The former dictators Muhammadu Buhari and Ibrahim Babangida as well as the vice-president Atiku Abubakar had declared themselves opposed to this modification. The proposal met an united front of the opposition to the Parliament as well as the support of deputies and senators of the People' S Democratic Party of Obasanjo. It did not receive the downstream of the two-thirds of the Senate Nigerian at the time of a vote on May 16th, 2006. Consequently, Obasanjo will not be able to thus represent in 2007. Charge of purchases of voice were launched and the diligentées investigations. At the conclusion of the vote of the Senate, president Obasanjo expressed himself at the national executive committee of People' S Democratic Party joined together in urgency and stated this vote “ a victory of the democracy ”.

Personnel

His Stella wife died the October 24th 2005 of the continuations of an surgical operation in Spain.

References

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