The oligodendrocyte has a crucial role in the formation of the Myéline on the level of the central Nervous system (formation of the myéline on the level of the peripheral Nervous system being ensured by the cells of Schwann).

Description

• In optical Microscopy, coloring Hématéine éosine is the only means of making visible the core of the oligodendrocyte, surrounded by a discrete halation clearly cytoplasmic. There exists much of quite visible prolongations in silver coloring.

• In electronic Microscopy, one finds all the usual Organite S. The core with a abundant Chromatin amused along the nuclear Membrane. Many Microtubule S cytoplasmic and in the prolongations are found.

Situation

In the gray Substance, the oligodendrocytes have a position close to the neurons, there is a metabolic relation. In the white Substance, they have the role of myelinisation axonale.
Ils carries out a progressive rolling up their prolongations around the axon, then there are joining of the membranes and fusion in the form of sheath of myéline.

A oligodendrocyte myélinise several axons on a small portion of their ways. There is a proportionality between the diameter of the Axone and the length of the segment interannulaire (between two nodes of Ranvier)

One calls Oligodendrocy Precursor Cell (OPC) a precursor of oligodendrocyte.

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