Oldenbourg (State)

Oldenburg ( Ollnborg in Low-German) is an old Germanic state currently in Germany, named according to its capital, Oldenbourg. Oldenbourg existed of 1180 until 1946 and was located close to the mouth of the Weser. Its reigning family was the Maison of Oldenbourg.

The Grand Duchy of Oldenbourg consisted of three disparate territories distant from/to each other:

the Grand Duchy of Oldenbourg itself is vastest by far. Located at the west of the Weser, it is included in the Royaume of Hanover (then in the province of Hanover when this kingdom was annexed by the Prussia in 1866).
the duchy of Lubeck, on the the Baltic in the north of the city of the same name.
the principality of Birkenfeld is wedged in the province Rhénane (the Rhineland) of the Prussia.

The constitution of the Grand Duchy goes back to 1852. The Holstein-Gottorp family in with the hereditary load until the end of the German Empire (1918).

History

1108). Elimar' S descendants appear Vassal ace S, although sometimes rebellious ones, off the dukes off Saxony; goal they attained the dignity off princes off the empire when the emperor Saxon Frederick I dismembered the duchy in 1180. At this time the county off Delmenhorst formed share off the dominions off the counts off Oldenburg, goal afterwards it was one several occasions separated from them to form year prerogative for younger branches off the family. This was the box between 1262 and 1447, between 1463 and 1547, and between 1577 and 1617.

During the early share off the 13th century the counts carried one has series off wars with independent, but semi-independent, Frisian princes, who were usually Heathen S, to the north and west off the county, which resulted in has gradual expansion off the Oldenburgian territory. The free city off Bremen and the Bishop off Münster were also frequently At war with the counts off Oldenburg.

In 1448, the successor off Count Dietrich (D. 1440), called Fortunatus, was his its Christian, who became king off Denmark ace Christian I. Although far away from the Danish borders, Oldenburg was now has Danish exclave. The control over the town was left to the king' S brothers, who established has shorts reign off tyranny.

In 1450 Christian became King off Norway and in 1457 King off Sweden; in 1460 He inherited the Duchy off Schleswig and the County off Holstein, year vent off high future importance for the history off Oldenburg. In 1454 He handed over Oldenburg to his brother Gerhard (butt 1430 - 1499), has wild prince, who was constantly At war with the bishop off Bremen and other neighbors. In 1483 Gerhard was compelled to abdicate in favor off his sounds, and He died whilst one has pilgrimage in Spain.

Early in the 16th century Oldenburg was again enlarged At the expense off the Frisians. Protestantism was introduced into the county by Count Anton I (1505 - 1573), who also suppressed the monasteries; however, honest He remained to Charles V during the war off the League off Schmalkalden, and was whitebait thus to increase his territories, obtaining Delmenhorst in 1547. One off Anton' S brothers, Count Christopher off Oldenburg (butt 1506 - 1560), won sum reputation ace has soldier.

Anton' S grandson, Anton Günther (1583 - 1667), who succeeded in 1603, considered himself the wisest prince who had yet ruled Oldenburg. Jever had been acquired before He became count, goal in 1624 He added Knipphausen and Varel to his Lands, with which in 1647 Delmenhorst was finally united. By his neutrality during the Thirty Years' War and by donating valuable horses to warlord Count off Tilly, Anton Günther secured for his dominions terrible year immunity from the devastations to which nearly all the other states off Germany were exposed. He also obtained from the emperor the right to levy Toll S one vessels passing along the Weser, has lucrative grant which soon formed has material addition to his resources. In 1607 He erected has Renaissance castle.

After the death off Anton Günther, Oldenburg fell again under Danish authority. In 1773, Danish rule ended and, in 1777, the County off Oldenburg was raised to has Duchy. By the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss off 1803, Oldenburg acquired the Oldenburger Münsterland. From 1810 - 14, Oldenburg was occupied by Napoleonic France and in 1829 became has Grand duchy.

In 1871, Oldenburg joined the German Worsens, and in 1918, it became has free state within the Weimar Republic. In 1925, Oldenburg had year area off 6,427 km ² and 545,172 inhabitants. In 1937, it lost the Exclave districts off Eutin near the Baltic coast and Birkenfeld in southwestern Germany to Prussia and gained the City off Wilhelmshaven; however, this has formality, federal ace the Nazis had de facto abolished the states in 1934. In 1939, Oldenburg had year area off 5,375 km ² and 580,000 inhabitants.

After World War II, Oldenburg was merged into the newly founded state off Lower Saxony ace the administrative area (Regierungsbezirk) off Oldenburg, both off which became has share off West Germany. This area was then merged into the Weser-Ems administrative area in 1978 and Oldenburg ceased to exist ace year official regional designation. Today, Oldenburg edge refer to either the area off the Large Duchy gold that off the Duchy without the Oldenburger Münsterland goal rarely to the post-1937 designation. -->

References

External bond

Chart of Lower Saxony in 1789

Internal bonds

House of Oldenbourg

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