Old man-Persan

The old man-Persan is the oldest language attested Persan. It belongs to the group of the Iranian Langues, a sub-group of the Indo-Iranian Langues and Indo-European Langues.

This language was used in the inscriptions dating from the kings achéménides. Of old Persan texts (in particular of the inscriptions, shelves and seals) were found in Iran, Turkey and Egypt. ThePersan one is not the direct ancestor of the modern Persan. It was the spoken dialect with Persépolis that Darius raised with the row of standard. As this last was completely conscious that its language would not be understood of all the subjects of its vast empire, it made set up bilingual or trilingual inscriptions. The inscription of Behistun, for example, is trilingual Old man-Persan, Babylonian and Elamite.

Writing

ThePersan one was written from right to left and used a C-W communication Cunéiforme. The wedge-shaped writing of old man-Persan contained 36 signs which represent Consonne S, Voyelle S or sequences including/understanding only one consonant and of the vowels (sound records), three numbers (1, 10 and 100), a separator of words and eight ideograms.

Although signs used resemble Wedge-shaped Akkadien (Semitic Langue which borrowed from the Sumérien), only one, the L , of it is derived. The researchers agree today on the invention of this writing around -525 and on its use until worms -330. The king Achéménide Darius I {{er}} is probably the first king used it for inscriptions on monuments.

Although based on a logo-syllabic principle (a derivative of the logographic writing ), this system is primarily alphabetical in its character. 13 of the 22 consonants are invariant, whatever the vowel which follows them (what means that they are alphabetical), and 6 only have a distinct form for each combination consonant-vowel (what means that they are syllabic); among these last, only the D and the m have three different forms for each of the three vowels (the K , the G , the J and the v only have a form distinct in front of two from the three vowels). In addition, three consonants, the T , N and the R are partially syllabic, with the same form in front of has and I and a distinct form in front of the U . For example, =< can decide Na or nor , whereas <<= decides naked . Ambiguous syllables such as =< ( Na or nor ) must be followed by a vowel so that their pronunciation is clarified, but in practice even nonambiguous syllables such as <<= ( naked ), or completely syllabic such as my , semi and driven are followed by vowels clarifying the pronunciation.

The effect is close to its English , which is written G in front of a I or a E , but J in front of other vowels ( gem and jam , for example), or its Spanish , which is written with a C in front of a I or a E and Z in front of the other vowels ( cinco and zapato , for example). It would be thus righter to say than the consonants of old man-Persan are written with different letters according to the vowel which follow them, rather than to classify this writing as being syllabic. This situation has its origin in the wedge-shaped writing Assyrian, in which many syllabic distinctions were lost and were often clarified thanks to explicit vowels. However, in the case of the Assyrian , the vowel was not used all the time, and was never used when it was not necessary, characteristic of a logo-syllabic system.

During a time, some could imagine that the alphabet was born from a system of this type, a modification of the signs of the consonants bringing to the constitution of alphabets such as the ougaritic Alphabet. Today, however, one considers that the Semitic alphabet was born from the Hiéroglyphe S Egyptians, in whom the notation of the vowels was not very important.

See too

Related articles

External bonds

  • Decipherment off Persian Cuneiform

  • Old-Persian Cuneiform Inscription
  • The Ancient Persian Alphabet

Random links:Affix | AmeriKKKa querido | Wisembach (Fauvillers) | Charles of the Pit | Pierre Cloarec | David Robertson (leader) | Valery_Ryumin