Oghouzes

The Oghouzes , Oghuz or Oğuz (in Turkish of Turkey) were one of the principal branches of the Turks of 8th at the 11th century. During the migration of the Turks with 10th, 11th and 12th centuries, Oghouzes belonged to the Turks of the area of the Caspian Sea who migrated towards the South and the West in direction of the Western Asia and the Eastern Europe, and not towards the East in direction of the Siberia.

Oghouzes are regarded as the ancestors of the modern Western Turks: Azeri, Turks of Turkey, Turkmènes, Turks Kachkaïs of Iran, Turks of the Khorassan and Gagaouzes ( Gök Oğuz : Oghouzes blue or celestial), of which combined manpower exceed the hundred million.

The name Oghouze , which would derive from ok , “arrow”, and uz , “tribe”, was written for the first time in the Inscriptions of Orkhon in Turkish language (in the form of the tribal union of the Altı Oğuz , “Six Oghouzes”) on the edges of the river Ienisseï in Mongolia. They indicated that six tribes had been integrated and formed a called Turkish tribal union Oghouze. However, of the former sources as those of the Chinese mentions a tribe called O-kut and dating from second century BC in the center-Asian area of Tabargatay-Kobdo to the Kazakhstan.

The name Oghouze could be simply an old plural of ok , arrow (taken in the direction of tribe), to compare with the name of the Hungarian ( one ogur : ten arrows) and that of the people close to the former Egyptians ( pdjt 9 : nine arcs). There existed also named confederations Sekiz Oğuz (“Eight Oghouzes”) and Tokuz Oğuz (“Last nines Oghouzes”). The cradle of Oghouzes, like other Turks for the period of the Köktürks, seems to have been the area of the mounts Altaï and the south of the Siberia.

They were the principal leaders of the empire of the Köktürks with 6th and 7th centuries and also established the State of Oghouzes yabgu ( yabgu is a princely title) which collapsed in Central Asia in the year 1000. They founded soon at the 11th century the Empire seldjoukide which was the second empire turco-Moslem (the Ghaznévides of the end of the 10th century were the first princes turco-Moslems) in Central Asia and with the the Middle East.

8th at the 11th century, they lived the area located between the Caspian Sea and the Mer of Aral in Central Asia. The Arab Historien Ibn Al-Athir (1160 - 1233) declares that Oghouzes arrived in this area (the Transoxiane) under the reign of the Caliph Al-Mahdi (775 - 785). They were composed of twenty-four (or sometimes twenty-two) tribes, whose legend is the following one.

The chief founder Oğuz Han ( Oghuz Khan ) had, of a first wife, three wire called Gün (Sun), Ay (the Moon) and Yıldız (star) and, of one second wife, three others wire of the name of Gök (Ciel), Dağ (Montagne) and Deniz (Mer). Each one of these six wire had itself four wire, from where twenty-four tribes. Those going down from the three elder ones are the tribes Bozok or Bozoklar (“gray arrow”, - lar , - ler is the mark of modern plural), those resulting from the three juniors, the Üçok tribes or Üçoklar (“three arrows”). Each group of four tribes resulting from one of six wire has its ongun or Totem, a bird of prey; each tribe has its tamga or seal for the marking of the cattle.

Tribes Bozok :

Resulting from Gün Han (totem: Adjustable nozzle): Kayı, Bayat, Alka Evli, Kara Evli.
Resulting from Ay Han (totem: Eagle kidnapper): Yazır, Dodurga, Döğer, Yaparlu.
Resulting from Yıldız Han (totem: imperial Eagle): Afşar, Begdili, Kızık, Kargın.

Tribes Üçok :

Resulting from Gök Han (totem: Falcon gerfaut): Bayındır, Peçenek, Çavuldur, Çepnî.
Resulting from Dağ Han (totem: Falcon small landed proprietor): Salur, Eymur, Went Yundlu, Yüreğir.
Resulting from Deniz Han (totem: Around the wood pigeons): İğdir, Büğdüz, Yıva, Kınık.

The literature of Oghouzes includes/understands celebrates it Livre of Dede Korkut (“grandfather terror”) which was the literary work of the year 2000 for UNESCO, as well as the epopee S Oghuz-nama and Koroglu which belongs to the literary history of the Azeri , of the Turks of Turkey and the Turkmènes. According to Lev Gumilev, in its work entitled 1000 years around Caspian the , Oghouzes were of an anthropological standard caucasoïde.

The dynasties established in Persian and claiming itself of Oghouzes include/understand the Seldjoukides, the Atabey S, the Aq Qoyunlu, the Qara Qoyunlu, the Séfévides, the Afsharides and the Qadjars; in Anatolia (Turkey), Oghouzes founded the Ottoman Empire.

In particular, the Seldjoukides ( Turkish Selçukoğulları in ) are attached to the Kınık, which are the tribe benjamine of Üçok, while the Othoman ( Osmanoğulları in Turkish) are attached to the Kayı, which are the elder tribe of Bozok. The Petchenègues are the Peçenek resulting from Dağ Han and the Afsharides claimed Afşar (word related to front , drives out) resulting from Yıldız Han. The Qara Qoyunlu said to go down from the Yıva, resulting from Deniz Han, and the Aq Qoyunlu of the Bayındır, resulting from Gök Han.

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