Officinal concern

The officinal concern , ( Calendula officinalis ), is a herbaceous Plante annual, with Fleur S yellows or orange yellow, whose Floraison starts at the first days of the Printemps and can last all the year almost.

Very common in the areas the born Mediterranean, the concern grows there in the majority of the gardens and the Friche S without needing to be sown there, the Vent acting as Jardinier.

The concern is a tinctorial Plante, of domestic use. It provides a yellow color creams, obtained by a decoction of its flowers. The concern provides also a nontoxic source of food dye, in particular used to sink butters.

Description

Its Feuille S is Alterne S, oblong and Sessile S. Its Pétale S made it possible to falsify the saffron. The Fleur S have the characteristic to be closed the night and to be reopened as soon as the Sun is sufficiently high in the sky. It is besides what was worth to him its name of concern , which has nothing to do with our daily worries but comes from the Latin solsequia (= which follows the sun). Its Latin name appears him related to the Calendes (first day of the month among Romans), to perhaps underline the fact that it flowers all the year.

Components

Among the multitude of components of the calendula officinalis we will retain only the principal ones: essential Oils, Flavonoïde S, Terpene S (Carotenoid S), Salicylic acid and alcohol S.

Carotenoid

There off exist ten-new carotenoids present in the yellow and orange petals of the concern of which ten are specific to the orange flower. If one passes on the Stéréochimie of these Molécule S one can propose the following proportions: Flavoxanthine (28%), Luteoxanthine (11%), Lycopene S (20%), Carotene (alpha, beta, gamma, teta: 12%), Lutein S (8%), Rubixanthine S (7%), Auroxanthine (7%), others (8%).

Flavonoïdes

It is in the butanolic fraction of the extracts of the calendula that one finds the most Flavonoïde S.

Triterpendioles

The calendula officinalis has Ester S faradiols of which: the Faradiol, faradiol-3-myristic, faradiol-3-palmitic and psi-taraxasterol 3 (mono-alcohol). These esters are anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-œedémateux. The extraction by SFE (super fluid extraction), in addition to reaching a degree of purity higher than 96% for the faradiols above, made it possible to highlight a minor compound: maniladiol 3-O-laurate and myristate.

It was highlighted by Chromatographie the following components in addition to those described above: Oleanolic acid, Acid vanillic, Cafeic acid, like good of other acids (see publication for complete listing).

Therapeutic use

Calendula officinalis has properties Anti-inflammatoire, anti-oedemateux, Antioxydant, antiviral, antitumor and immunomodulator.

Anti-inflammatory drug

It was highlighted a suppressor effect of the ignition and infiltration of the leucocytes as from 1981. It is Faradiol which is responsible for most of this effect. The faradiol alone is most active (it has in équimolaire the same effect as indomethacin or ibuprofen) although faradiol-3-myristic the, faradiol-3-palmitic one and psi-taraxasterol 3 nevertheless are not deprived of anti-inflammatory drug activity.

Anti-oedemateux

It is among the many talents of the faradiol that one finds the properties anti-oedemateuses of the calendula. The extracts acqueux and hydroalcoolic of the calendula are able to completely eliminate the free radicals from the system of Peg wood as well as other oxydative systems with the same effectiveness as the synthetic BHA (antioxidant).

Antiviral

Antitumor

In the same way that antitumor drugs, extracts of calendula off. are cytotoxic and antigenotoxic with low dose (2,5mg/ml). A novel method of extraction LACES (laser activated calendula extract) in vitro watch an inhibition of the cell multiplication by stop of the cycle and apoptose.

Immunomodulator

Many Web pages give to Calendula the capacity to stimulate the immune system but by looking at litérature on the subject, it is clear that there is at the same time suppression of the ignition and the infiltration of the lymphocytes.

HIV

Only the organic extraction has a potential effect on HIV and not the acqueuse extraction. The organic presence of 500 microgrammes/ml of extract ensures a protection of 24:00 against the fusion of the virus with the cells. Moreover this extract (amount and dependant time) a reduction of the activity of the opposite transcription causes (TI): 30 min of treatment causes an inhibition of 85% of TI.

Dermatology

The most interesting article relates to the prevention of the acute dermatites of rank 2 during the post-operative irradiation of the breast cancer which indicates that a pomade of Calendula Boiron is more effective than the trolamine (Biafine) which is the usual protocol. This clinical trial proposes therapeutic which would reduce the interruptions of the radiotherapy because a significant decrease of the pain induced by the radiotherapy was recorded with the use of Calendula. The use of formula combined between calendula and molecule starts to see the day in particular therapeutic binding to acyclovir it with the extract of concern which shows an effectiveness significantly more important than to only acyclovir it. On the other hand it seems well that the irritating post treatment by this cream (1f/J during 5j) does not have any effect. On the contrary, once more the protective role is proposed by the cream at Calendula (and also at Rosemary) against the dermatites of contact in period of irritation (not in post).

ORL

The Otite has one painful transitional period during which it is not possible to know if this one moves towards an end or a complication. A test showed that the presence of natural grasses (whose different calendula) was beneficial by its different inflammatory anti capacity, anti-bacterial and anti-oedemateuse during this transitional period. A Collutoire containing calendula thus avoids the direct use of Antibiothérapie.

Limits and Toxicology

The fact should however be proposed that the presence of calendula off. in a Dentifrice does not have any impact on the oral biofilm and the micro-organisms periodontopathic. It is very difficult to find off articles observing the anti-bacterial action of the calendula, this is why this anti-bacterial role should be relativized.

The toxicity of Calendula is to be proposed: an amount of 2,5 Mg/kg at the Rat it has is anti-génotoxique, as of 10 Mg/kg it takes part in the increase in the deterioration of the Foie by the Tumeur and becomes genotoxic.

Traditional medicine

Without that being validated scientifically, one uses the flowers dried in the traditional Médecine.

In Infusion, the concern is anti-inflammatory drug, hypotensor, Spasmolytique, Immunostimulant and Hypocholestérolémiant.

In external use (dyeing mother), it is an excellent anti-inflammatory drug (intimate skin and mucous membranes or not), anti Oedémateux and Antivenimeux. It is anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti Fongique and healing.

References

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