Office
See also: Office (homonymy)
A office is in the France Bas the Middle Ages and modern time, a personal dignity authorized by a Souverain or a lord to an individual to make it take part in the exercise of its Souveraineté or its seigniory. The office constitutes until the 16th century the engine of operation of the Administration.
The holder of the office is called officer . He must, in exchange of the dignity which the office and of the pledges confers to him which are attached to him, to achieve a service Administratif. Under this name of office are gathered a very great diversity of situations: a Secretary of State, agent royal of ministerial row is an officer as much as a aunor of cloth which controls the regularity of the cloth transactions on the markets. As of the 15th century the principle was allowed that an officer could be private of his office only for lese-majesty.
This weak control of the sovereign on his offices was reinforced by a tendency to heredity and Vénalité of the office, which was not officialized before the edict of the Paulette of 1604. This venality of the office could benefit the king since it could thus fill his cases of the money of the sales of offices. It is not rare that thus offices are duplicated for better benefitting monarchical finances. The king, not having thus more that one distant control on its officers, at will entrusted the crucial tasks to Commissaire S revocable. However many the offices, in particular most important, those of the Court, were not subjected to venality. It is the case in particular offices of Secretary of State. On the other hand, certain offices could involve very important investments all while being only of one very weak financial reporting: the office of secretary of the king for example, baptized by his detractors (the old nobility) " cake of soap with villain" was sold by monarchy with several tens of thousands of books (but on its holder the nobility conferred after 20 years of exercise). It is especially during the regency of Anne of Austria that the officers of the courses sovereign obtain the ennoblement, in 1644 for the Maîtres of the requests and the magistrates of the Parlement of Paris and the Grand the Council, in 1645 for those of the Chambre of the accounts and the Cour of the assistances
The most famous officers remain the Parlement surfaces, owners of a venal office of judicature, which was not subjected to royal approval. During all the 18th century, they were declared opponents of the royal policy.
See too
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