Odénat
Odénat ( Septimius Odheinat ) is most famous of the princes of Palmyre with his wife, Zénobie. It is born towards 220 and dies assassinated in Emèse in 267. Of Nabatéenne origin, it belongs to the dynasty of Hairainides, which acquires the Roman Citoyenneté under Septime Sévère.
Odénat is member of a family having the established among, but remained very Arab in its traditions. It undoubtedly acquires the statute of senator under Valérien and becomes " to vir consularis" (statute of former consul) in 258. It is under Gallien that it acquires, in fact, the quasi absolute capacity on the provinces of the East except for the Bridge-Bithynie: It is initially " Dux Romanorum" (commander of the Romans) and overcomes Macrien and its sons and Ballista, usurpers against Gallien. It is then named by this last " corrector of all Orient" and the command has of what remains of the eleven Roman legions of this part of the Empire and all the forces available, and has right to watch on the civil and tax administration of all the Asia Mineure, the Syria, the Mésopotamie and the Arabia Pétrée. It launches two large military campaigns against Persians in 263, then in 266 - 267 where it crushes them and continues them until Ctésiphon, that it will not take however, but it then controls the major part of the Western Persian grounds, with Nisibe and Carrhae. It is made call " King of the rois" with the Persian manner like its heir, Herodes (of which the Histoire Auguste makes the oldest son of a first bed), but does not take the title d'" Auguste" , its biography is despite everything in " life of the Thirty Tyrants ". The writer of the Histoire Auguste lends many qualities to him, as with his wife, and describes it like a good general and an excellent hunter.
In 267, Odénat and Herodes are assassinated with Emèse by a close relation, that the writer calls Maeonius, and who is undoubtedly the cousin or the nephew of the prince. This murder has can be made at the instigation of Zénobie, which wished to see inheriting his/her own son, or of Gallien, anxious of the capacity of Odénat in the East. Maeonius is then killed by the soldiers to be themselves proclaimed shortly after emperor and Waballath, second wire of Odénath (with Zénobie, its second wife) succeeds to him the head of Palmyre. Zénobie benefits from this situation to take the control of the armies of the East and to conquer grounds like the Egypt, using its general, Zabdas, and breaks definitively with Rome.
See too
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