Occlusive consonant

In Articulatory phonetics, a occlusive consonant (or briefly an occlusive ) indicates a Consonne whose Mode of articulation utilizes a complete blocking of the air flow on the level of the mouth, Pharynx or Glotte, and the sudden relaxation of this blocking.

In the case of consonants Oral S, the air flow is entirely stopped (phase of occlusion) and causes a difference in pressure between the upstream and the downstream of the Lieu of articulation; it is primarily during the relaxation of blocking (phase of désocclusion) that the sound is produced. In the case of consonants Nasal S, the air continues on the other hand to run out by the nasal cavity; the sound is produced continuement during blocking.

Types of désocclusion

There exist the occlusive ones without phase of désocclusion (or “without relaxation”): one often speaks the “implosive ones”, although this term also returns to another concept (see injective Consonne ). API the note by the symbol of occlusive the follow-up of ̚. the implosive realization of occlusive is normal in front of another occlusive and does not constitute a different Phonème but simple a Allophone: thus, suited can be transcribed. Certain languages, like the Cantonese, the Malayan or the Vietnamese , however use the implosive ones at the end of the Syllabe.

Other possible désocclusions: nasal, side.

Occlusive of French

French contains the occlusive following ones:

oral deaf persons: p (pépé), T (têtée), K (kéké);
oral sound: B (baby), D (Dédé), G (gaga);
nasal: m (my), N (nor), ɲ (magner), ŋ (at the end of carpark).

List occlusive pulmonic of the API

Apical

Bilabials: the two lips firmly make contact one against the other.

p (Oral not voiced)
B (oral voiced)
m (Nasal)

Labiodental: the upper lip contacts the teeth of the jaw lower and conversely.

p̪ (oral not voiced)
b̪ (oral voiced)
ɱ (nasal)

alveolar Dental consonants, , post-alveolar: the language contacts the posterior part of the Dent S of the upper jaw and/or the pad formed by the Alvéole S.

T (oral not voiced)
D (oral voiced)
N (nasal)

Rétroflexes: the language is turned over and its point or its interior face takes support on a point of the former part of the palate.

ʈ (oral not voiced)
ɖ (oral voiced)
ɳ (nasal)

Dorsal

Palatal: the point of the language is directed downwards and rests against the inner face of the lower teeth, whereas the back of the language contacts the “hard” palate.

C (oral not voiced)
ɟ (oral voiced)
ɲ (nasal)

Velar: whereas the point of the language is supported against the inner face of the lower teeth, the back of this one contacts the “soft” palate, also called velum ( velum ).

K (oral not voiced)
G (oral voiced)
ŋ (nasal)

Uvular: while the point of the language is supported towards the inner face of the lower teeth, the back of this one, raised far backwards, contacts the soft palate on the level of the luette.

Q (oral not voiced)
ɢ (oral voiced)
ɴ (nasal)

Others

Pharyngal
Épiglottales

ʡ (oral not voiced)

Glottales: it is produced either by the sudden opening of the glottis under the push of the internal air, or by the brutal closing of the passage of the air on the level of the glottis.

ʔ (oral not voiced)

Occlusive nonpulmonic

Clicks (velar flow);
éjective S and injective S (Flow glottal).

Notice on the terminology