Nyons

Nyons ( Niom in Of Provence traditional and Nioun according to the Standard mistralienne) is a common French, located in the department of the Drome and the area the Rhone-Alps.

Its inhabitants is called the Nyonsais .

Geography

Located in edge of the valley of the the Rhone, east coast, with the latitude of Pierrelatte of which it is separated by the enclave from Valréas, Nyons is a small town located in a natural basin, at the edge of the Eygues. It is surrounded medium mountainss (Essaillon, Garde Large, Saint-Jaume and Be worth), which get its so particular climate to him. Called “ small Nice ” because of a sunning comparable with that of Nice, it is a site of holiday appreciated since the 19th century.

It is located at the west of a Cluse which marks one of the Western entries of the Baronnies, area of Mediterranean medium mountainss, located between the south of the Drome and the Hautes-Alpes.

Its local wind, the Pontias , breath as from 10 hours of the evening and up to 10 hours of the morning. This wind, cold the refreshing winter but the summer, provides a perfect ventilation to the city. A local legend, reported in the work of Gervais de Tilbury, the Book of the Wonders , wants that it was brought in a glove by the archbishop Césaire of Arles, at the beginning of the 6th century. Swell Gabriel, former Pasteur and historiographer of the king, in wrote the history at the 17th century.

History

The area of Nyons raised at the time Celtic of the surface of Voconces. At the time Gallo-Roman, it is attached to the city of Vaison. Perhaps a small agglomeration, Noiommagus (the new market), existed there. The villa of Niomes is quoted into 972 in a deed of gift of the churches Saint-Vincent and Saint-Ironwood of Let us deny with the Saint-Césaire abbey of Arles. A long time direct possession of this abbey and the archbishops of Arles, Nyons passes under the effective domination laic lords. The lords of Montauban manage to take there foot at the beginning of the 13th century. After one century of conflicts for the possession of the seigniory, the city is integrated into Dauphine in 1315. It remains however in Ariège which the Dolphin must always return the homage to the pope for Nyons, Vinsobres and Mirabel. In 1349, after the transport of Dauphine in France, the town of Nyons becomes property of the king-dolphin which will remain suzerain until the Revolution.

The city knows one exceptional period of growth starting from the end of 13th and until the beginning of the 15th century, growth related to the presence of the papal court in Avignon, that of Italian merchants and of a many Jewish community. The beginning of the 16th century is also a period with the joy and of expansion, but the wars of religion, started in the area at the end of the years 1550, upset Nyons deeply. In 1585, a citadel is built on left bank of Eygues and dominates the city and the bridge, whereas the castle delphinal, built at the beginning of the 14th century, is dismantled. Nyons becomes place of Protestant safety then, the remainder after the edict of Nantes of 1598 and this statute only after the edict of the La Rochelle in 1622 loses.

Indeed, after the Protestant insurrections of the wood of this year, Louis XIII decides to cut down the principal fortifications of the area, likely to be used as den of servants to the Protestants. An edict of July 1627 having ordered the dismantling of all the places of strong spades which were not borders , Nyons became an open city. It is on July 6th 1633 which work of demolition of its citadel began. Nyonsais obtained only the conservation of the walls of the city, become inoffensive, but which, since centuries, had ensured the safety of the country.

Remarkable monuments and places

Sites and Quartiers

the district of the Forts : this district was organized at the end of the 13th century or at the beginning of the 14th century around two streets, the current street of the Small Forts in the east and the street of the Large Forts in the west, the latter being mainly covered by dwelling houses. It preserves a medieval pace mainly. The peak is dominated by two turns of the 13th century, the Randonne tower transformed into vault at the 19th century and the tower known as Dauphine (private property). This district opened on the city by two doors towards the south, the Corcosson gate, which still exists (entered of the street of the Large Forts) and the gate Gérenton (street of the Small Forts) of which there remain only some traces. The Corcosson gate, which passes under the feudal castle, is surmounted by three escutcheons, of which one represents the weapons of the Dolphin (registered in Additional Inventaire of the Historic buildings). This district was finished in North by the castle delphinal, built at the 14th century and of which there remain only two turns and some traces of external walls.

the place of Doctor Bourdongle known as Place of the Arcades (registered site) one of the places of Nyons was devoted to the market or the fairs of Nyons. It was probably created at the 14th century. It is bordered of arcades, following the example that of Boxwood-the-Baronnies. In south-east, the old private mansion of the family of the Turn-Gouvernet of Charce is, whose several members were governors of Nyons. It is with this family that Philis of Charce belongs. In north, a house was the property of the king at the beginning of the 17th century. This place profited from a complete refitting which was distinguished in 2006 by attribution from a “square from money” by the Monitor.

the place of Field-of-March (or Release Places) and its Fountain : old place of the play of palm, the Municipal council acquires on May 15th, 1824 this place and the place of east Field-of-March creates, then increased. The monumental fountain is built out of stones of size of Chomérac at the end of 1871.

the cave of Huguenots, with the Greenhouse of Reynier : refuge of the assemblies of Protestants nyonsais, and then republicans nyonsais opposite with the coup d'etat of December 2nd, 1851.

civil Monuments

the Romance Bridge spanning the Eygues (or Aygues): Inaugurated in 1409 by the bishop of Vaison, the bridge connects two banks of Eygues. The bridge was well kept by one fears high at each end, and the tower of the toll which occupied the center of the bridge (classified historic building).

the feudal castle said old castle to the 16th century : built on the rock of Maupas, it finished, on the northern side, the district of the Forts. The current, visible buildings since the street of the Large Forts, date essentially from the medium of XVIe century (big rooms above a roofed passageway, mullioned windows), when the building with military vocation was transformed into residence of pleasure. Become communal property when Nyonsais repurchased the seigniory in 1626, the castle was converted into presbytery in 1731 then sold with the public biddings in 1779. Restored starting from the beginning of the year 1960, it is private property today. The passage of the street of the Large forts and the armorial bearings placed at the entry of this passage are registered under the Historic buildings.

the door of Apple and the old bell-tower : it would draw its name from an apple carved in its arc of opening, disappeared today. It was next to the tower of the bell-tower whose first levels, vaults were built at the 14th century. The primitive bell-tower was built in 1352. A pyramid surmounted the building which made place, after its destruction in 1785 by a hurricane, with “the current iron cage”.

the door Saint-Jacob : the tower which measured approximately 50 meters of circumference and height a 15 meters, was yielded by the city to the sinking fund under the terms of the law of March 20th, 1813, which the shortage of the imperial Treasury had justified. The aforementioned case made it sell with the public biddings on June 30th, 1814. It was allocated to the price of 31 francs in Jean-Baptiste Villard, mason, who demolishes it.

old mills and the soap factory : with the foot of the Romance bridge of Nyons, at the end of the walk of the Dam, the old mills of 18th and 19th centuries can be visited, as well as a soap factory the years 1730. Their presence is related to the existence of an olive grove important and old in nyonsais. The vestiges of the soap factory oldest are currently preserved in France: one can locate the piles intended there to preserve clear and illuminating oil and the vats for the detergent, the traces of the furnaces, the put reserved at the first drying of the soap. The preserved mills make it possible to include/understand the succession of the operations related to the olive oil, of the crushing of olives by a grinding stone with pressing and the decantation to separate oil from water. Visit the every day between May and October.

religious Monuments

the Randonne Tower, also called the vault of Good Help located on the heights of the district of the Forts: October 21st, 1862, M.L Francou, priest of Nyons, went purchaser of the antique turn Randonne and made it convert into vault. The first mass was celebrated there on August 14th, 1864. On the old keep draws up a pyramid of three stages of arcades with four faces decorated with statues. It supports a colossal statue of the Virgin. The monument, by including/understanding there the tower Randonne itself, measurement 24 meters height and dominates all the valley. The Randonne tower was formerly built by Randonne de Montaubant in 1280, thus attaching its baronnie to Nyons. A tablernacle of the XVIIe century is classified under the Historic buildings.

the old monastery Saint-Césaire : in the north of the church, a large building, refitted in the middle of the 18th century, is that of the old Saint-Césaire monastery of Nyons, attached as of 972 to the Saint-Césaire abbey of Arles. This priory was the major lord of Nyons until 1317, before transmitting its rights to the pope. The current building contains one of the rare staircases of the 18th century of the city. In the east, a carved main door, dated from, opened on a street, now widened and become the Saint-Césaire place. At the 19th century, this building sheltered the town hall, the sub-prefecture and the magistrates' court. It serves today as “house of the public services”.

the Saint-Vincent church and tables of the old convent of Récollets : the church Saint-Vincent de Nyons is mentioned as of the end of the 10th century. However, the current building was rebuilt during first half of the 17th century, after the destruction related to the wars of religion. Its broad nave preserves a Romance pace. Several remarkable tables are preserved there. They date from first half of the 17th century. They came from an old convent of récollets (current Temple): two works allotted to painters of Velay, Jean and Guy Francois, inspired by Caravage ( worship of the Shepherds and Saint-Bonaventure ), a table of Guillaume Perrier, brother of François Perrier, two families of Christ , four tables of a painter of first half of the 17th century, inspired in particular by the Venetian school ( the burial of Christ , Christ at Marthe and Marie , Christ and Marie-madeleine , as well as a Ecce Homo ). The gate vault of the furnace bridge of the Saint-Joseph vault is the work of a sculptor originating in Rouen, Pascal Jouvenet, who were monk récollet in Nyons and which constructed gate vaults of other convents of récollets (vault of the local hospital of Borough-Saint-Andéol, church of Montferrand). More qinze fabrics are classified under the Historic buildings.

the mausoleum of Philis of Charce in the parish church : raised on February 19th, 1857. The accounts report the exploits of Philis barring the road with the troops of the duke of Savoy which, in 1692, were about to occupy the west of Baronnies.

the temple : the protesting temple was installed at the beginning of the 19th century in the old church of the convent of Récollets de Nyons, whereas the remainder of the monastery was transformed into hospital. This church started during the years 1640 was devoted in 1660. Its classical architecture is sober: the three spans of the nave end in a square chorus placed at the west. At the time of the transformation of the church into temple, no major modification was made if it is only the old vault of the Virgin, located at the south of the chorus, were separated from the remainder of the church to become the vault of the hospital. Until the end of the years 1960, the entry was done by two doors: one in the east which remains and another in the north which disappeared since construction from a church hall.

the vault Notre-Dame de Chausan : this vault, located on a site occupied at the time Gallo-Roman, is the last vestige of a larger religious building, mentioned as of the 13th century. It was given to the Saint-Césaire monastery of Nyons, depend on the Saint-Césaire abbey, in 1272, by the bishop of Vaison. Burned at the time of the religious wars, it remained in ruin during more than one century and made place with the small current vault.

the old monastery with the district Saint-Pierre : the sarcophagi and vestiges of all kinds that one found there, teach us that an agglomeration existed there as of highest antiquity. A local historical tradition wants that it is at this place that Saint-Césaire founded, at the beginning of the 6th century, the monastery who had exerted rights of suzerainty on the town of Nyons until the beginning of the 14th century and there to perceive the dîme until its suppression in 1789. At the end of the 10th century, a vault dedicated to Pierre saint, located in the villa of Patennatis, is already mentioned there.

Economy

The market of Nyons takes place every Thursday, all the year, and attracts an impressive quantity of world. Moreover, during the summer period, a second market (the market of Provence) takes place every Sunday.

the city has an antenna of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Drome.

Tourism and demonstrations

Having many camp-sites and reception facilities, Nyons is a destination very appraisal by the Belgian, Dutch tourists and also of many French.

With Easter, the city organizes a Corso partly taking again decorations of the carnival of Nice, and which attracts each year several tens of thousands of visitors.

Thursday and Saturday of the weekend of the Rise, around a topic which changes each year, several tens of writers are invited to meet their readers, under the arcades of the Place of Doctor Bourdongle and with the Departmental Media library. Every two years (even years), the last weekend of August, " Barjavel" days; point out the memory of the writer Rene Barjavel, born in Nyons in 1911.

Several festivals celebrate the olive oil: first Sunday of February with the festival of new oil, Alicoque; the weekend which follows on July 14th with Olivades and the weekend before Christmas with the festival of pricked olive, a speciality nyonsaise.

The fair " bio-naturellement" of Nyons is held saturdays and Sunday of the weekend of the Rise. Around a topic which changes each year, she proposes ecological solutions with the stakes of the daily life.

Every Thursday, a very important market occupies several places of the city (Place of Doctor Bourdongle, Place Buffaven, Place of the Release) which makes it possible to discover the whole of the local agricultural productions. Sunday, between mid-May and the end of September, a market known as of Provence, the old city (produced soil) animates.

Agriculture

The specialities of Nyons are the Olive (under AOC) and the Olive oil. The tench, specific to the olive groves of the area of Nyons, is a particularly rustic variety of olive-tree which can support gel with less 10 degrees. Since 1994, the “black olives of Nyons” and “the olive oil of Nyons” are classified in Name of Controlled origin. The production is marketed by the Co-operative of Nyonsais, several mills and of the farmers.

Since 2005, the Institute of the world of the olive-tree of Nyons became the Rhone-Alps antenna of the AFIDOL. It shelters several structures specialized in promotion of olive of Nyons, of which the Trade union of the tench and the Brotherhood of the knights of the olive-tree. A museum of the olive-tree was created beside the Co-operative of Nyonsais.

Nyons is in addition located in an area producing of the wines attached to the name of the Côtes of the Rhone, near Vinsobres, Visan and Cairanne. The wines produced on the soil of Nyons can be classified in name “C4otes-du-Rh4one wine Village”, “C4otes-du-Rh4one wine” and “Local wines of the slopes of the baronnies”.

Twinnings

Nyons is twinned with:

Personalities associated with Nyons

Holy Césaire : archbishop of Arles between 502 and 542. A legend, consigned for the first time to the beginning of XIIIe century, reports that it would have brought in a glove a miraculous wind which has blown for each morning with Nyons, Pontias. The female priory of Nyons, which existed between IXe century at least and 1789, was the only dependence of the Saint-Césaire abbey of Arles, founded with the Life century by the archbishop who gave him his name.

Rene of the Turn-Gouvernet , Protestant captain (born in 1543). After having conquered Nyons in 1575 and part of Baronnies during the years 1580, it was as a lord engagist at the end of XVIe century and the beginning of the XVIIe century.

Antoinette of Ligier of the Guard, known as Mrs Deshoulières (1638-1694). Mrs Deshoulières is one of the most known poétesses of her time. She belonged to the circle of invaluable and animated several literary living rooms during the reign of Louis XIV. He came in Nyons between the autumn 1672 and August 1674 when she resided in her friend, Madam of Charce. She composed two epistles dedicated to the girl of the latter, Philis of Charce, including one on Fontaine of Vaucluse. One of his/her daughters, Henriette Clemence, entered to the Saint-Césaire priory of Nyons in March 1673 and died there in May 1740.

Philis of the Tower of the Pine-Gouvernet of Charce (1645-1703). Exit of the Protestant branch of the family of the Tower, Philis converts with Catholicism in 1685. It is especially known to have gathered its peasants and, at their head, to have started a combat against troops of the Duke of Savoy close to his castle of Montmorin, with the Collar of the Cheese-making one. Its feats of arms were amplified thereafter and certain wanted to make the liberator of the Dauphine one of it.

Augustin Fresnel (1788-1827), physicist. Augustin Fresnel was named in Nyons as a civil engineer at the beginning of his career and before starting his research on the optics which made it famous.

Joseph Roumanille (1818-1891), writer and félibre. He came in Nyons in 1843 and 1844 when he was Master of study to the college rested by Charles and Antoine Dupuy. He crossed there several amateurs of patois and anecdotes of Provence which were among the first with being integrated into Félibrige after its foundation in 1854.

Victor Cherbulliez (1829-1899), writer Swiss, naturalized in 1881 and elected with the French Academy in 1881. He lived part of his life with Nyons which will insprira it for several of its novels.

Georges Colomb says Christophe (1856-1945). French draftsman, Georges Colomb invented many characters drawn like the Cosinus scientist, the Camembert sapper and the Fenouilard family. At the end of its life, in 1940, it comes to settle in Nyons where it dies in January 1945.

Adrien Bertrand (1888-1917), journalist and writer. Adrien Bertrand, resulting by his mother from an old family nyonsaise, the Vine, lived part of its childhood and its adolescence with Nyons. young adult, it settled definitively in Paris where it fréqunta literary circles and in particular the circle which surrounded the poet Catulle Mendès. He wrote several collections of poems, but it St a novel, the Call of the ground , which enables him to obtain the price Goncourt 1914 (decreed in 1916). He dies into 1917 of the continuations of wounds of war. A legacy which it made before its death with the Goncourt Academy is at the origin of the " Goncourt Stock Exchange of poetry - Adrien Bertrand" , decreed each year with a poet confirmed for the whole of its work.

Rene Barjavel (1911-1985), journalist, scenario writer and writer. Rene Barjavel, who was one of the first authors of the science fiction in France, lived in Nyons between 1911 and 1923, before settling in Auvergne. The period nyonsaise is marked by the figure of his/her mother whom it evoked in 1980 in the Blue Cart .

Administration

Demography

External bonds

Site of the tourist bureau
Site of the town hall
Site of the old city of Nyons
Nyons on the site of the national geographical Institute
Nyons on the site of INSEE
Nyons on the site of Quid
Localization of Nyons on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Nyons on Mapquest

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